Career Development Plan Part I Job Analysis Hrm 531 Essay Example

Profession Development Plan Part I Job Analysis Hrm 531 Essay Profession Development Plan Part I †Job Analysis and Selection HRM/531 †Human Capital Management Week Two Assignment Interclean has recently converged with EnviroTech and thus has taken on another key heading. The organization will no longer sell just cleaning items, however offer full assistance cleaning answers for association in the human services industry. As mid-level project lead, I will confront the test making an occupation investigation in choosing five to seven fresh recruits for the deal group and clarifying why they were picked, and their insight, aptitudes, capacities and their jobs which is the joined representatives from Interclean and EnviroTech in making an improvement workforce plan, determination technique including it’s preferred position and weaknesses. In spite of the fact that there are numerous approaches to characterize workforce arranging, the accompanying definition tends to key parts of getting ready for HR proficient, workforce arranging is the key arrangement of an organization’s human capital with its business heading. It is an efficient procedure of breaking down the current workforce, deciding future workforce needs, recognizing the hole between the present and future, and actualizing arrangements so the association can achieve its strategic, and goals. We will compose a custom article test on Career Development Plan Part I Job Analysis Hrm 531 explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Career Development Plan Part I Job Analysis Hrm 531 explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Career Development Plan Part I Job Analysis Hrm 531 explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer As a procedure, workforce arranging incorporates components, for example, key arranging (by both the association and its accomplices), remaining task at hand projections, authoritative conjectures, turnover examinations, and spending projections. Workforce arranging estimates the quantities of individuals and kinds of aptitudes expected to make progress by contrasting the accessible workforce and future needs to decide needs that might be neglected (holes). Workforce arranging is an administration instrument that influences the full life cycle and scope of HR exercises including enlistment/determination, characterization and remuneration, preparing and advancement, execution the board, and maintenance. Vital isn't about how to situate items and organizations inside an industry. Or maybe, it’s about changing industry manages or making tomorrow’s enterprises. Workforce arranging process as following: †¢ What is the objective add up to accomplished through lower cost to the organization But achieve an expansion in benefit deals every year? What deal is important to achieve the crucial organization? †¢ What do the deal group need to do no make a difference what? †¢ What work can be combined or restructed somehow or another? †¢ It might be useful to consider the accompanying to figure out which workforce arranging moves to make: Is a specific game-plan inside the course of events of the deal group Does the d eal group arrangement with the group present moment and long haul arranging needs What is the troublesome with actualize the activity or issue goals In work examination is the investigation of occupations to character the discernible work exercises, center around work practices, undertakings, technique for social occasion data, distinguishes the individual capabilities important to play out the activity, the conditions under which is performed and obligations related with a specific activity or gathering of employments. Employment examination isn't of manners of thinking, perspectives, attributes or aptitudes and not an investigation of an individual position. Employment examination acquires work information, which fills an assortment of hierarchical needs and gives a premise to dynamic. Occupation examination servers as a lawful consistence device for EEOC and ADA. Likewise, OHR Compensation study is utilizing work examination to meet objectives in create more extensive, progressively adaptable occupation characterizations, depict crafted by the activity family, and recognize and separate capacities inside the activity family. The set of working responsibilities for the new deals group fundamental occupation errands and obligations: 1) Develop and keep up a client database 2) Generate and qualify drives 3) Source and create customer referrals 4) Prepare deals activity plans and timetables ) Develop and keep up deals and limited time materials 6) Plan and lead direct showcasing exercises 7) Make deals calls to new and existing customers 8) Participate in deals occasions 9) Monitor contenders, economic situations and item advancement 10) Able to speak with the business group and our clients Education and Experience 1) Knowledge of important PC applications 2) Knowledg e of standards and practices of deals 3) Knowledge of client assistance standards 4) Knowledge of essential business standards 5) Experience in deals ) Proven capacity to accomplish deals targets 7) Goal driven The choice of strategies was perform to new deal group depends on a few techniques: †¢ Observation-a prepared spectator watches a laborer, recording what the specialist does, to what extent it takes. Favorable circumstances are firsthand data, easy to utilize, confirms information from different sources and detriments are tedious, may inclination laborer execution, little example size, requires talented eyewitness †¢ Interview †a prepared activity investigator meets an occupation officeholder, as a rule using a normalized position. Now and again more than one specialist is met, and the outcomes are collected. Focal points are occupant portrays work, can yield information about psychological and functions admirably for occupations with long employment cycles †¢ Critical occurrence †typically based basic episodes are utilized to depict work, and a vocation investigator decides the level of every conduct that is available or missing in the activity. Focal points are examination dependent on solid conduct. Drawbacks are scales require some ability to create †¢ Questionnaire-there are two sorts of surveys: the organized poll utilizes a normalized rundown of work exercises, called an undertaking stock, that activity officeholders or managers may distinguish as identified with the activity. What's more, the respondent may likewise recognize extra data, for example, how much time is spent on the errand, and the measure of management required. The open-finished poll requests that the activity occupant portray the work in their own words. Favorable circumstances are doesn't require prepared questioner, moderately more affordable, and can arrive at more laborers. Impediments are might be hard to develop, may have low reaction rate, reactions might be fragmented, and reactions might be hard to decipher (open-end) Here the rundown of workers I have chosen for the new deal group subsequent to meeting and inspecting profile as following: 1. Jim Martin, Vice President of Sales: He is an accomplished and information project lead in the mechanical cleaning and sanitation industry. He is client arranged. He shows forceful in taking beginning idea in accomplishing new deals thoughts. 2. Tom Gonzalez, Sales Manager: He will end up being the collaborator to Jim Martin. He can lead the group with his ability in creating arrangements based items for the client. Likewise, he has involvement in the cleaning business for more than a quarter century. He is an extrovert that appreciates setting up long haul associations with clients and shows concerns. 3. Susan Burnt †Sale Representative: She will be a fantastic possibility to the group. She is truly important; she was the author of Interclean. She has played out various employments during her twenty-four years at the organization. She is an over achiever in each position. Additionally, she moved to deals six years back and met her business objectives every year. She is forceful and energetic 4. Dennis White †Sale Representative: He has four years of involvement with deals. He is a forceful salesperson who likes to chase for new clients and close the arrangement. 5. Eric Borden †Sale Representative: He has gained notoriety for serving the client and helping the client get the best items at the best costs. During fourteen years with the organization, notwithstanding playing out the job of group pioneer on a few extraordinary undertakings which added to the money related development of EnviroTech. He invests heavily in keeping current with the most recent modern cleaning and sanitation industry advancements just as on the progressions to guidelines and consistence issues influencing industry. Reference: 1. Casio, W. , 2006, Managing Human Resources, Ch. 5 2. College of Phoenix, 2008. Web Link: InterClean †EnviroTech Merger Scenario 3. Employment Analysis strategies and inconveniences and focal points , University of Minnesota 2006-2010 4. Set of working responsibilities †http:www. best-prospective employee meeting. com

New Jersey Revenue Reform

In his State of the State discourse, Governor Corzine distinguished five wide zones of income change in New Jersey, i.e., annuities and advantages, shared administrations, obligation decrease, modernization of the expense structure, and sustainability.â The focal point of the immediate property charge help is the duty credits as 20%, 15%, and 10%, contingent upon the measure of pay per household.â Governor Corzine was unequivocal about this in his speech.He was similarly express in expressing that for the expense credit framework to work, there must be a strong, solid wellspring of funding.â For this, he brought up the business charge incomes and the diverted estate refunds will flexibly the primary deluge of financing.â As for the succeeding years, the equalization is proposed to originate from the accompanying: 1) cost reserve funds accomplished through normal and free reviewing by another, nonpolitical state officer; 2) combinations and shared administrations; 3) aggregate dealing on annuity and medical advantages; 4) resource adaptation intended to diminish the state's Visa installments and give the ability to make capital interests later on for the state; and 5) 4% top on the expansion in the property charge demand, professed to be the key for manageability of the duty credit system.â Each of these should add to the supportability of the change program, with the top and the credit working off one another to achieve the goal.Reacting to the discourse, Assembly Minority Leader Alex DeCroce expressed that â€Å"sadly, following five years of Democrat control, the condition of our state has never been worse.â The poisonous blend of high property charges, open debasement, a pile of obligation, inefficient state spending and hostile to monetary development approaches are making New Jersey excessively expensive for white collar class families† (The Associated Press 2007).Superficially, Governor Corzine’s suggestions appear to be just pol itical showing off, since every one of the 120 authoritative seats are scheduled for races this year.â Clunn (2006) brings up that in 2005, State House delegates vowed to order genuine property charge changes by year-end of 2006, with no results.â The proposals of the State House were successfully countered by the Governor’s obvious want to arrange benefits changes as opposed to make tax reductions, something that the State House agents tried to get endorsed for five months.Corzine’s activities since his political decision have lead to the formation of a blogspot on the web, called NJ Fiscal Folly, where residents voice out their reactions against the Governor.â Many people responded contrarily to the raising of deals charges from 6% to 7%, the refusal of fundamental state spending changes, and the option of $270 Million to the Governor’s effectively critical pork (NJ Fiscal Folly 2006).For the bloggers, â€Å"any talk about putting aside a bit of the dut y increment is essentially blather, simply lipstick on the pig† (NJ Fiscal Folly 2006).â More so when matched with the proposed elective spending plan for 2007, which included scarcely any spending cuts, put something aside for a lower commitment to the benefits framework, and the Governor’s danger to close down state government except if the lawmaking body affirms his proposed financial plan (NJ Fiscal Folly 2006).â The business charge increment should gracefully $1.2 Billion in incomes for the government.There are a couple of individuals, notwithstanding, that are attempting to look past the governmental issues and are unbiasedly evaluating whether the proposition are really possible or in the event that they will create the ideal results.â Senator Gormley, a Republican, feels that the discourse given by the Governor gave a â€Å"matter-of-truth layout of what should be done†, however it is not yet clear whether it will be done (Rispoli 2007), since discu ss income change has been recently that, talk, for the past a large portion of 10 years, with New Jersey’s property charge dependence at twofold the across the country rate.â Hester (2007) reports that officials are planning to have the new assessment arrangement of property charge credits set up before the bills go out this late spring, which are checks sent to mortgage holders as duty relief.Others responded all the more usefully to the Governor’s engaged discourse, for example, William G. Dressel, Jr. Official Director of the New Jersey State League of Municipalities.â Dressel (2006) praised a portion of the proposed changes while dismissing others, yet expressed that the suggestions will â€Å"generally assist with restricting future annuity and advantages costs.†After a primer examination of the proposed suggestions, Dressel (2006) brought up that there are sure things lacking in that which the exceptional meeting needs to accommodate, for example, the oppressive connection between the genuine property citizens and the individuals from the Police and Firemen’s Retirement System, and the authorization of the ban on new benefits.â Dressel (2006) dismissed through and through the proposition to boycott double elective office holding and the tying a segment of property charge alleviation financing to adherence with the Efficiency Commission.He likewise remarked that as for the first suggestion by the senator on shared administrations, there appeared to be a deviation in the course being taken by the uncommon session.â He called attention to that so far, there were no proposals on obligation decrease and no particular arrangements for supportability, and that the proposition to modernize the assessment framework were inadequate in providing a subsidizing hotspot for the progressions looked for, explicitly the expense credit framework lessening private property burdens by 20%.Hester (2007) reports that this 20% cut would requ ire $2 Billion for every annum and be supported by cash recently apportioned for property charge refunds and deals charge income, with the legislature depending on the past year’s abundance deals charge income to fill in as starting subsidizing, yet with the need to discover $400 Million all the more every year to finance the tax reduction past the current year.Caslander (2007) opines that with the proposed changes, New Jersey would be better of changing its name from the Garden State to the â€Å"Tax Capital†.â Treating the proposition as being practically equivalent to â€Å"finding free cheddar in a mouse trap†, Caslander (2007) accepts that the arrangements will mitigate the issue just for a present moment, yet that the difficult will remain, and as a result, the current proposed arrangements will just wind up intensifying the issue, on the grounds that the arrangement includes giving expense help presently yet accommodating its financing later.Rebovich (2 006), after the primary extraordinary meeting, remarked that maybe a perfect genuine property charge change program would include an augmentation of the business charge, an expansion in annual expense rates, and investment funds from advantage decreases, as essentially, the weight would be shared or dispersed among various individuals, and the consequences for business and the economy would not be harsh.considering to such an extent that the Governor’s condition of the state discourse can't be relied upon to elucidate totally the mechanics of the proposed change, that could maybe represent the absence of subtleties concerning how the proposed changes will work.â at the outset, the recommendations appear to adjust to Rebovich’s image of what might be a perfect genuine property charge change program to lighten the present circumstance in New Jersey.â Both open and private divisions are influenced, and it appears that the weight is spread out.â However, there are as yet numerous things that should be addressed.For model, how precisely will the assessment credit framework work?â How much will it take to build up the framework and introduce it instead of the current system?â How will the new framework be supported so as to be placed in place?â These inquiries are as significant as figuring out where the financing for the credits themselves will be taken.â Without solid designs for the working and usage of the credit framework, it will not work, and the changes wanted won't be attained.Also, what will be the expense of actualizing another arrangement of auditing?â And what assurance is there that the new state specialist will be, as he is depicted â€Å"nonpolitical†?â What about combination and shared services?â The Governor expressed that this territory needs some survey, yet there must be a particular arrangement of rules or rules to help figure out which regions or branches ought to be solidified, and which ought to stay autonomous, just as which specific administrations ought to be shared.â As for decrease of annuity and medical advantages, is there potential risk with respect to the state for the individuals who guarantee a vested right to the estimation of the advantages they get, particularly regarding annuity and retirement advantages of the individuals who have been getting them for years?â Spreading the weight of paying for the proposed changes is a smart thought, yet is it just?â What on the off chance that the state winds up spending more on account of litigation?â , Then the costs would only be diverted somewhere else, yet the weight would in any case be overwhelming for a great deal of people.â forbidding double elective office holding is a smart thought, whatever abridging impacts it may appear to have on the privilege of testimonial of the electorate.Public office is an open trust, and from the individual in office ought not out of the ordinary no not exactly the obligation of most extreme devotion and reliability to the individuals he represents.â The inclination in holding double workplaces is that the endeavors of the open official will be isolated, and the nature of his administrations may be diminished.â As for Dressel’s contentions against the Efficiency Commission, maybe a lot of rules to administer the procedures and conclusions made by the Commission, just as a method of claim or audit of its judgments, would be a sufficient protect against the threat of subjectivity pointed out.Objectively, the proposals given are plausible, yet more work should be put

Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Managment - Essay Example The association was established to misuse the hole between drive-through eateries and full table assistance cafés. The association doesn't offer full table types of assistance however offers better administrations contrasted with inexpensive food foundations. 2. How fast was the development of your association, and what issues did it experience while it developed? Depict the section through the stages sketched out in Greiner’s model. How did chiefs manage emergency it experienced as it developed? The development of the Chipotle shows that the association built up in 1993 has quickly become among the most gainful associations in the worldwide market. The income earned by the association has nearly developed by multiple times since 2006. The difficult Chipotle has encountered during its development stage has been rivalry from different associations in the café business. Greiner’s model assesses development of the association through a progression of five phases. The primary stage is development through imagination where the association is extraordinary. The subsequent stage is development however heading where the association develops by concentrating on its items, at that point there is development through appointment. The forward stage is development trough coordination and the last stage is development through cooperation as the association extends its tasks. The chiefs managed the issue of rivalry by expanding mindfulness by promoting the association (Jones and Gare th 315). The development stage that Chipotle is at present encountering can be depicted as the development through assignment stage. The association has development over a moderately brief timeframe expanding the quantity of outlets. The outer issues confronting the association remember rivalry from different players for the nourishment business and the adjustments in the economy which has decreased the general deals. Interior issues incorporate keeping up consistency over all the outlets to keep up the way of life of the association.

Heart Disease Research Paper Reviews & Tips

Heart Disease Research Paper Reviews & Tips It's important to not forget that one blood test alone doesn't determine your potential for heart disease. Whenever your heart is damaged, your entire body secretes elevated levels of BNP in your bloodstream to attempt to alleviate the strain on your heart. Unchecked, higher blood pressure can result in a multitude of severe health difficulties, such as heart attacks, strokes, and other types of coronary disease and kidney disease. If permitted to progress, higher blood pressure for a consequence of fibromyalgia medication can be life-threatening and result in seizures and strokes. A team-based care approach is a powerful strategy for preventing cardiovascular disease. Gene therapies may also target specific cellular adjustments and might potentially be a means to intervene in the aging procedure. Technology put to inadequate use can have negative results. For example, it is not always perfect. As large as the prevalence of coronary disease is one of the general public, it's even higher among police officers. It's important to take control of your general health now. The period of time the individual will want to spend in the hospital will vary, based on the operation and the individual's health. Along with being the main cause of death, heart disease may lead to decreased quality of life, greater disability and greater healthcare expenses. The amount and kind of pain can fluctuate from person to person. Some ways that you can maintain a healthful weight include limiting portion dimensions and being physically active. Most CVDs are preventable. An area of the heart free of uptake would imply that the area is not getting sufficient blood supply. The Awful Side of Heart Disease Research Paper A high degree of BNP alone isn't sufficient to diagnose a heart issue. Higher numbers suggest that the heart is working too difficult to pump blood. A number of changes to your lifestyle will cut the ris ks and guarantee a wholesome heart. It's not quite as hard as you might think! The Start of Heart Disease Research Paper Many kinds of coronary disease can be avoided or treated with healthy lifestyle choices. More than anything else associated with your way of life, your diet plays a huge part in raising the danger of cardiovascular diseases. A healthful diet and lifestyle are your very best weapons to resist cardiovascular disease. A wholesome diet, regular exercise, cholesterol-lowering medications, and lifesaving surgeries can decrease your chance of havingor dying froma heart attack. The New Angle On Heart Disease Research Paper Just Released There are two sorts of cholesterol. Possessing healthy blood pressure and cholesterol ranges are a few of the very first measures you should take for a wholesome heart. Besides stopping smoking, you also need to keep a healthy cholesterol level. High cholesterol levels, smoking, and higher blood pressure are the primary reasons f or the disease. What You Must Know About Heart Disease Research Paper Atherosclerosis is also the most usual cause of cardiovascular disease. The load of cardiovascular disease is disproportionately distributed across the people. Cardiovascular disease symptoms may differ for women and men. Because there are many modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis, it's not necessarily a standard part of aging. Certain conditions put someone at a significantly greater danger of developing cardiovascular disease. Numerous factors play a part in heart disease risk. Though a cause-and-effect relationship hasn't yet been proven, studies have indicated that periodontal disease increases the possibility of coronary disease. Four valves in your heart keep your blood moving the proper way by opening only 1 way and only when they will need to. Therefore, you should observe a doctor in case you have a problem falling asleep or can't appear to get enough sleep at night. Therefore, if something goes wrong with your heart, you may not be even aware. If you're like most people, you feel that heart disease is an issue for others. Balloon valvuloplasty or open heart surgery could be needed if there's an obstruction. Besides lifestyle changes, some treatments are available to assist avoid cardiovascular disease. Heart disease and a number of drugs can lead to bradycardia, and a physician should eva luate it to decide if treatment is demanded. Surgical options may also treat cardiovascular disease. Needless to say, spotting blood in your urine is never a great sign, so even when you aren't experiencing heart problems you ought to get checked out whenever your pee is red. Therefore, if you find some difficulty with your physical and cognitive abilities make sure that you see your physician as soon as possible. Heart Disease Research Paper Fundamentals Explained The leading cause of death among both women and men in the USA is heart disease, as stated by the American Heart Association. In truth, it is projected that one out of every four deaths in the united states results from cardiovascular disease. One out of four deaths in america is brought on by cardiovascular disease. Heart Disease Research Paper Explained Ultimately, the misleading American Heart Association 3 Day Diet isn't beneficial for an individual's heart or other key body systems. The CDC claims that 49 percent of Americans have a minumum of one risk issue. At this point you lead that exact program in Dallas. Heart Disease Research Paper - What Is It? There are several types of coronary disease. There are several different forms of cardiovascular disease. The causes of coronary disease vary by type of cardiovascular disease. It is an umbrella term for any type of disorder that affects the heart. For example, if you've got a heart infection, you'll probably be given antibiotics. In case you have any signals of cardiovascular disease, your health care provider may send you to a cardiologist, a doctor that specializes in the heart. If you believe you have heart disease or are concerned about your heart disease risk owing to your family history, see your family doctor. If you've recently been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease, speak to your doctor about steps you may take to keep as healthy as possible. Lies You've Been Told About Heart Disease Research Paper Moreover, many other essential conditions may want to be regarded as the cause of symptoms. At times, people don't get a diagnosis until adulthood, based on the seriousness of symptoms. Other situations the problems might not be detected until the individual is an adult. There are some stages involved.

The Fears Of The Federalists And The Jeffersonian Republicans

Division of the Early Republic After the colonies gained independence, the founding fathers soon found that becoming a new independent nation was going to be a difficult task. The biggest task was deciding on the division of power in the government. This issue divided the people into two groups, the federalists and the Jeffersonian republicans. Alexander Hamilton led the federalists and Thomas Jefferson led the republicans. These two important men in history would later show how the challenges of becoming a new nation. In this essay I will be analyzing the ideas of Linda K. Kerber’s â€Å"The Fears of the Federalists,† to Drew R. McCoy’s â€Å"The Fears of the Jeffersonian Republicans.† Furthermore, comparisons will be made about both essays to gain a better understanding of the struggles of government in early America. Kerber’s essay demonstrates the fears of the Federalists which is democracy. In one line she states, â€Å"The Jeffersonian approa ch to politics struck the articulate Federalists as dangerously naive.† By this Kerber is depicting how Federalists felt about the opposing side’s ideas. She continues to say that, â€Å"even the early stages of industrialization and urban growth were providing the ingredients of a proletariat.† The federalists believed that to have a successful nation, the government should be ruled by the higher class who are independent. This has its benefits because in a democracy people who are dependent and who are participating in government can easily beShow MoreRelatedAlexander Hamilton Vs. Thomas Jefferson871 Words   |  4 PagesConflicting views and contrasting ideologies have always existed throughout the history of United States politics. Alexander Hamilton, who led Federalist Party, believed that a powerful central government was necessary while Thomas Jefferson, who led the Jeffersonian Republican Party, favored an agrarian nation with most of the power left to the states. Although Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson were similar in that they both harbored good intentions and tried to keep the best interests inRead MoreFederalists Essay1011 Words   |  5 Pagesprominent political ideals were complete opposites. The Jeffersonian Republicans were focused on giving power to the people and maintaining a pastoral economy, while the Federalists supported the control of the government by the elite class, and maintaining â€Å"positive† democracy. Both parties feared the influence and effect the other party would have on the public. In Linda K. Kerbers article, â€Å"The Fears of the Federalists†, the major concerns Federalists held in the early 19th century are described. EverRead MoreEssay on Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson1029 Words   |  5 Pagesshould follow. These two parties, the Federalist and the Democratic-Republicans, disagreed on most internal and foreign decisions and affairs. Although there was no menti on of political parties in the Constitution, America’s social, political, and economical decisions are a result of the development of these parties and the division they created between both the Founding Fathers and American citizens. The Federalist supporters, also known as Hamiltonian Federalist, were lead by Alexander Hamilton whoRead More Marbury vs Madison Essay examples921 Words   |  4 Pagesattempt to maintain the â€Å"edifice of the National Government† believing Jefferson would topple the prestigious nation with his atheist views, Adams appointed various Federalists to the judiciary. Thus, attributing to the single most significant case of the Supreme Court, Marbury Vs. Madison, a struggle between Republicans and Federalists that would end in a future altered by fate. This controversial landmark case established the constitution as â€Å"Supreme law† of the United States and developed the powerRead MoreDemocratic Parties Vs Political Parties888 Words   |  4 Pagesare often contested between two political parties called the Democrats and the Republicans. It is interesting to note that the practice of two political parties debating key issues has been in use since the very beginning of the United States government. At the beginning of the United States as an independent nation, opposing ideologies in Congress eventually developed into the Federalists and the Democratic Republicans. The issues of the day revolved around how to set up the government and its financesRead MoreInterpreting the Constitution (Strict vs. Loose); Jefferson and Hamilt1896 Words   |  8 PagesWhen the Federalist party was organized in 1791, those people who favored a strong central government and a loose constitutional interpretation coagulated and followed the ideals of men such as Alexander Hamilton. The first opposition political party in the United States was the Republican party, which held power, nationally, between 1801 and 1825. Those who were in favor of states rights and a strict construction of the constitution fell under the leadership of Thomas Jefferson. These JeffersonianRead MoreEssay on Interpreting the Constitution1872 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Federalist party was org anized in 1791, those people who favored a strong central government and a loose constitutional interpretation coagulated and followed the ideals of men such as Alexander Hamilton. The first opposition political party in the United States was the Republican party, which held power, nationally, between 1801 and 1825. Those who were in favor of states rights and a strict construction of the constitution fell under the leadership of Thomas Jefferson. These Jeffersonian republicansRead MoreEssay about United States Constitution and Democracy773 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Federalists presumed this. The Anti-Federalists watched for signs that threatened their republican principals for which they so recently had fought the American Revolution. After winning the war the unity and optimism among Americans did not translate easily or smoothly into the creation of a strong central government. The Federalists and Anti-Feds were very opposed to each others views. By the late 1700s and early 1800s , a deep political division had occurred amongst the Federalists and theRead MoreResolutions For Amending The Constitution On Election Of The President1263 Words   |  6 Pageswas an angry, dirty, crisis-ridden contest that seemed to threaten the nation’s very survival. A bitter partisan battle between Federalist John Adams and Republican Thomas Jefferson, it produced a tie between Jefferson and his Republican running mate, Aaron Burr; a deadlock in the House where the tie had to be broken; an outburst of intrigue and suspicion as Federalists struggled to determine a course of action; Jefferson’s election; and Burr’s eventual downfall. The unfolding of this crisis testedRead MoreIn The United States, Voters Have The Choice Between Republican1494 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States, voters have the choice between Republican and Democrats for elected officials. While there are people on tickets for other parties, historically their chance of getting elect ed is slim. This is a reality that Americans have lived with, and its roots can be traced back to the beginning of the republic. Post-Revolution America brought about much debate over how the government should be ran, how big it should be, and how officials would be elected. Through this political turmoil

The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin - 1457 Words

Emotions and Death Everyone who reads a story will interpret things slightly different than the person who reads it before or after him or her. This idea plays out with most every story, book, song, and movie. These interpretations create conflict and allow people to discuss different ideas and opinions. Without this conflict of thought there is no one devoting time to debate the true meaning of a text. Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† tells about a woman who is informed of her husbands death, processes the emotions, and becomes content with this new status as an individual person – losing all the expectations that society expected her to live by within a marriage. This story however is written in a way that the reader has the final interpretation of the text. There are many different interpretations on not only the reason for the main character’s death, but also on the overwhelming emotions that she faces. The death of the main character Louise Mallard is a commonly debated topic when discussing â€Å"The Story of an Hour.† In Mark Cunningham’s article â€Å"The Autonomous Female Self and the Death of Louise Mallard in Kate Chopin’s ‘Story of an Hour’† he makes arguments for the common interpretations of Mrs. Mallards death. He states that â€Å"it is critical commonplace† to assume that the sight of her husband alive kills her (n.p.). Even though the story never directly states that Mrs. Mallard sees her husband, it is easier for ones brain to jump to the conclusion that herShow MoreRelatedThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1241 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is a wonderful short story bursting with many peculiar twists and turns. Written in 1894, the author tells a tale of a woman who learns of her husband’s death, but comes to find pleasure in it. Many of the elements Kate Chopin writes a bout in this story symbolize something more than just the surface meaning. Through this short story, told in less than one thousand one hundred words, Kate Chopin illustrates a deeper meaning of Mrs. Mallard’s marriage with herRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin855 Words   |  4 PagesThe Story of an Hour In the â€Å"Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, is about pleasure of freedom and the oppression of marriage. Just like in Kate Chopin’s story, inside most marriages, even the ones that seem to be the happiest, one can be oppressed. Even though, one might seem to be happy deep inside they miss the pleasure of freedom and living life to the fullest. Just like, in this story Mrs. Mallard feels trapped and when she hears about her husband’s death she first feels distraught, but ultimatelyRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin987 Words   |  4 PagesIn Kate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† reader’s see a potentially long story put into a few pages filled with rising action, climax and even death. In the beginning of the story, character Louise Mallard, who has a heart condition, is told of the death of her husband by her sister and one of her husband’s friends. Afterwards Mrs. Mallard is filled with emptiness and th en joy of freedom. This joy of freedom is actually what consequently leads to her death in the end when she discoversRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1061 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, readers are introduced to characters whose lives change drastically in the course of this writing. Through Kate Chopin’s story we can identify many different themes and examples of symbolism in her writing. Chopin’s choice of themes in this writing are no surprise due to the time frame of which this story was written. Chopin often wrote stories with of women’s rights, and is noted as one of America’s first open feminists. As this story of an ill, helplessRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin972 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin expresses Ms. Mallard’s feelings towards her husband’s death in an appalling train accident. Due to her bad heart, her siste r Josephine had to be the bearer of bad news and approach his death gently to her. According to the quote, â€Å" But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought†, it lets us know thatRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin998 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The story of an hour† by Kate Chopin was a story that was ironical yet profoundly deep. As a student I have been asked to read â€Å"a story of an hour† many times, and every time I’m surprised by how I enjoy it. People can read thousands of stories in their life times and only a handful will every stand out to them, stories that can draw out an emotion or spark a thought are the ones that will standout more. For me and â€Å"a story of an hour† the thought of freedom is what draws me the most as a teenageRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1542 Words   |  7 PagesIn the short story, â€Å"Story of an Hour†, Kate Chopin writes about a woman with heart trouble, Mrs. Mallard, who, in finding out about the death of her husband, Mr. Mallard, experiences some initial feelings of sadness which quickly transition into the exhilarating discovery of the idea of a newfound freedom lying in front of her. When it is later revealed that her husband is not actually dead, she realizes she will not get to taste that freedom. The devastation kills her. What Mrs. Mallard goes throughRead MoreThe Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin596 Words   |  2 PagesIn â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† Kate Chopin focuses on the idea of freedom throughout the story. Mrs. Mallard is a lonely wife who suffers from heart trouble. She is told by her sister Josephine and her husband’s friend Richards that her husband has passed away in a train accident. She locks herself in a room expecting to be devastated, but instead feels freedom. Later, she exits her room and her husband walks through the door, causing her to die of a heart attack. Chopin uses this story to demonstrateRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin886 Words   |  4 Pages In Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the reader is presented with the theme of prohibited independence. In Kate Chopin â€Å"The Storm†, the scenery in this story builds the perfect atmosphere for an adulterous affair. The importance of these stories is to understand the era they occurred. Kate Chopin wrote stories with exceptional openness about sexual desires. In â€Å"The Storm†, a short story written by Kate Chopin in a time when women were expected to act a certain way and sexual cravings was consideredRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1540 Words   |  7 PagesIn Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the main character, Mrs. Louise Mallard, is a woman with a heart problem that gets horrifying news that her husband has passed away in a train crash. When she starts thinking about her freedom, she gets excited; she is happy to start her new, free life. However, a few hours later her husband walks in the door and she finds out it was all a mistake. When she realizes her freedom is gone her heart stop and she then dies. In â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† Desiree is an orphaned

The Birthmarkwicked good Essay Example For Students

The Birthmarkwicked good Essay Earthly ImperfectionsToo often in this world does man attempt to perfect nature. Tampering with this sort of element most commonly leads to a disaster to come extent. Because man is never satisfied, he is constantly vying for perfection, regardless of the outcome. Such is the case in Nathaniel Hawthornes short story, The Birthmark. Aylmers persistent attempt to perfect nature is the cause of Georgianas demise and the affirmation that when man tampers with such a powerful component terrible things may occur. In this short story, Hawthorne uses symbolism to emphasize the strange shape of the earthly imperfection (204) and his desperate need to change it. The shape of the birthmark bore a little similarity to the human hand (204). Here, Hawthornes use of symbolism clearly illustrates a distinct connection between the shape of the birthmark as a human hand and the need to remove it by the same means. In Aylmers quest for perfection, he simply ignores the fact that he is tampering with an incredible force: Nature. The crimson hand (206) symbolizes man always trying to change something natural: something that need not be changed. Aylmers subconscious obsession with science quickly becomes apparent when he realizes that he has the knowledge to potentially change something that nature has brought. At one point in the story Aylmer becomes so infatuated with removing this birthmark he dreams about how he will do so. He goes as far as to catch hold of Georgianas heart (206) and dispose of her precious life. This dream is incredibly symbolic of Georgianas ultimate fate, though Aylmer pays no attention to its importance. He simply continues on his way to perfect natures imperfections. Aside from Hawthornes use of symbolism, his extensive use of imagery also contributes to the notion that man cannot perfect nature. Aylmers true goal in this story is to force Georgiana to believe that her birthmark is a symbol of her liability to sin, sorrow, decay, and death (204) and she must rid herself of it. He creates this image in order to brainwash her into believing that it is a dreadful hand (207), and she, too, should wish it away. Finally, after gazing at, and studying the birthmark, this horrible image in which Aylmer had implanted in the mind of his lovely wife has become all too unbearable. Georgiana, feeling unworthy of her husband, freely surrenders herself to Aylmer and his science. Either remove this dreadful hand, or take my wretched life, (207) she tells him, while rationalizing the validity of science on such a thing.Another image Hawthorne makes use of, in order to potentially change the mind of Georgiana, is that of the geranium, once diseased with yellow spots of death, is now full of life. The diseased flower symbolizes, in the eyes of Aylmer, a diseased Georgiana.Another tool that Hawthorne brings into use in The Birthmark in order to show difference between the two characters is conflict. Throughout this short story, both Georgiana and Aylmer are at constant was themselves and each other. Conflict between the two characters ultimately results in the decision to remove the birthmark. Internal conflict invades the psyche of Georgiana and forces her to make a decision. After being constantly criticized by Aylmer, she explains, you cannot love what shocks you (204). Georgiana is physically incapable of enduring the pain that her husband emotionally inflicts upon her. In order to rid herself from this pain she is willing to risk her life for the satisfaction of Aylmer. Aylmer too, is at constant conflict with himself from the beginning of the story. He promises to lay down his books (203) and marry Georgiana, leaving behind his love for science. But in the end Aylmer only proved one thing; It was not unusual for the love of science to rival that love of a women (203). Together, surrendering themselves to their own conflicts, resulted in pain and the loss of a beautiful woman. .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb , .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb .postImageUrl , .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb , .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb:hover , .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb:visited , .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb:active { border:0!important; } .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb:active , .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1b07aad1bc89c8ba2701b7454d377acb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Atomic Bomb Essay Another not so obvious component Hawthorne uses to add to the events in The Birthmark are the names of two of the characters. The names Aylmer and Aminadab, to the reader, would appear to be somewhat normal names; however this is not true. Hawthorne purposely gives the name Aylmer to foreshadow the eventual demise of Georgiana. The word Aylmer can most clearly represent the word ailment, meaning an illness. Hawthorne does this in order to assign a certain role to the character before the reader knows anything about them. This is also true with the name, Aminadab. If one were to take this name and read it backwards it would spell bad anima, meaning bad spirit. Laughing at the death of Georgiana, as if to say, I told you so, Aminadab, indeed, proves to be a bad spirit. Indeed, Aylmer has nothing but good intentions in removing the crimson hand of earthly imperfection from Georgianas beautiful face. Her once-touched-by-an-angel-face is a part of nature that should never be tampered with. Aylmers perpetuating attempt to perfect nature has failed miserably. In the end, however, Aylmer proves only one thing to be vitally true; Mother Nature permits us, indeed, to mar, but seldom to mend (208). Words/ Pages : 885 / 24

Juan Bolivar Soto Essays - Speculative Fiction,

Juan Bolivar Soto Mr. Budhram Pre-AP World Literature February 2017 Dealing with New Beginnings Lian Hearn is an Australian author, captivated by the Japanese culture since very young. Mesmerized by the diverse traditions, Hearn had the opportunity to learn many aspects of the inspiring civilization once she visited Japan in 1993. Throughout her book, "Across the Nightingale Floor", she portrays these sceneries and traditions using several literal devices to describe the events and detail fictional images of the situations taking place for the reader. Surviving a mass murder upon your village is not an easy task, starting all over again? Even harder. In the narrative the main character, Takeo, unravels his fear yet determination to become the new man he had to befit, through grief and sorrow, bravery is shown as well as ambition to pursue greatness among the Otori and avenge the murders upon his past domain. The story begins with the protagonist Tomasu, later known as Takeo, whom develops heightened senses of hearing and alternate powers after losing his due to the discriminating persecution justified by the corrupt ways of lord Ida Sadamu. His domain being the most powerful of the 3 clans: Ida, Otori and Noguchi, gains power through merciless conquest, battles and torments. Takeo emotionally unstable, and full of sorrow is saved by Lord Otori whom finds him disoriented in the woods running from Ida's men those which pursued him from causing their lord to fall off his horse. Refusing to let go of the fugitive Otori takes Tomasu in giving him the chance to start a new life as a member of the Otori Clan, change his name and beliefs with the opportunity to avenge his family. Lian Hearn, the author of the book, uses imagery to represent the scenery and acute hearing Takeo experiences during the making of his new unraveled self. During the travel to the Hagi Village where the Otori live, they pass through other towns and mountains where Takeo describes the scenery through imagery and metaphorical analysis. This is implemented as a way of appealing to our senses while in detail describing the newfound abilities he discovers and tests during his stay in each one of the villages. Through the story, Takeo is able to hear sounds such as water falling from far away, birds chirping high up in the sky, the clapping of fish swimming on the surface of lakes miles away and most accurately the voice of servants and maid's rooms away yet with the same quality as if they were whispering their conversations right onto the sides of his ears. The author also applies personification to describe the powers Takeo obtains after his encounter with Lord Ida "The murmur of a stream sounded to me like the voice of the water spirit, and every time a fox barked or an owl hooted I came awake, my pulse racing." This personification is used to describe Takeo's perception of sounds at night while he tries to sleep but mercilessly fails due to the many sounds he's attaining all at once. They don't allow him to focus, the smallest of whispers jolt him up, disallowing him to sleep or take a break. This makes Takeo nervous, for he had never heard of such thing before yet didn't speak on it so others wouldnt deem him as crazy or a disappointment to Lord Otori. He already owed him enough and couldn't risk the chance of embarrassing his savior over irrational assumptions. Because of this he chooses to keep it to himself and maintain his behavior at its best alongside Lord Otori. Lian Hearn also uses Metaphors to describe the relationship between Takeo and Lord Otori, the character compares the situation to that of a Heron hunting for fish "Otori Shigeru was the heron, and I was the little wriggling thing he had scooped up, plunging down the mountain into my world and swooping away again" through this metaphor the character explains how Otori protected him, took him under his wing without asking for anything but appreciation, swooping him away from everything he has ever known into a strange world he has yet to get accustomed to. It all happens very quickly like heron's prey on their fish,

A Scanner Darkly Essays

A Scanner Darkly Essays A Scanner Darkly Essay A Scanner Darkly Essay Ashlyn Phillips Mr. Flanigan/ Dystopian Literature Period 2 December 4, 2012 Who Are You? As young children we begin to develop a personality, one that is based off of the people we are surrounded with. When identifying who we are as people, physical appearance is less important in comparison to our spirits and mindsets. The body serves only as a shuttle for our spirits and minds, without these two assets our bodies would simply only be empty shells. In Philip K. Dick’s A Scanner Darkly, the protagonist, Bob Arctor, has fallen victim to a highly addictive drug called Substance D, which has the side effect of splitting the personality in one’s mind. In dealing with the abuse of this drug, Arctor begins to lose himself and forgets what really makes him who he is. Our souls, character and appearance determine who we are as people, without these three attributes it would be very difficult to differentiate between one human from the next. The brain begins to develop in the first trimester of pregnancy, even as fetuses we are able to think and begin to develop our personalities inside the womb. As we enter the world and begin living, our surrounding environments control the outcomes of our minds, bodies and spirits. If you are born into a wealthy family, it is more than likely that you will live a wealthy lifestyle; if you are born into a poor family, it is more than likely that you will live a poor lifestyle. In society, we are first identified by how much money we have, then by how we look and at last we begin to learn more about each other to identify who our characters are through how we wish to portray ourselves. Our personalities begin to develop when we are first able to open our eyes, smile and really when we begin to communicate with each other. From there we begin to learn what we like to do in life; whether it be dancing, singing, painting, playing sports, etc. These attributes are major when identifying a person. Our spirits begin to develop at an early age and although they can be slightly altered as life goes on, we never really change entirely. One can be judged by their physical appearance and be separated from one person to the next simply based on that, however, if asked who Bob Marley is as a person, the answer would be far more detailed than if only asked what he looks like. Personality and character traits are really the basis of determining who we are as people. If a set of identical twins were put in the same room together and a group of people were asked to differentiate between Sarah and Mary, they would only be able to based on appearance. The more in depth question would be, how can you tell who Sarah is and who Mary is? In answering this question many key attributes are discussed such as, Sarah may be more energetic, loud, creative, talkative, religious and athletic than Mary, allowing for their friends to automatically know who is who when confronted by either twin. Personality always gives the answer. If the personality changes or begins to morph into two different sides, determining who someone is becomes a very difficult task. In A Scanner Darkly, Fred goes undercover as a drug addict in order to solve a major case but in doing so, he himself becomes addicted to the drug and his personality begins to split into two different people, Fred and Bob; Fred being the undercover cop and Bob being the addict. As Fred’s life morphs into Bob’s, he begins to lose himself entirely and the world as he knew it before completely changes into something different than he thought. â€Å"He will sink into a needle-and-a-spoon existence, or bounce off the walls in a psychiatric hospital or, worst of all, a federal clinic†¦And all this will occur deliberately, someone figured out what he was doing and then got him this way. The worst way of all: with the stuff they sell that he was after them for selling. (86) His personality can no longer be analyzed because he thinks as two entirely different people as if he has two separate brains in one head. Clearly this is an issue due to the fact that we are recognized by our personalities. If two personalities are competing against one another inside of one mind, there is no way to really know who that person is. Fred loses himself in Bob’s world and the drug becomes more important than anything else, as it usually does inside the mi nd of a drug addict. Without the soul, the body is like a light bulb without electricity. The soul gives the body meaning and purpose, without it there would only be boys and girls, not unique individuals with their own characteristics. The soul carries along every memory, experience, encounter, and detail of each person in the world. A wise soul will think beyond their years, a young soul will stay a teenager at heart forever and an evil soul will end up in the dark side of life and all of these souls grow through life experiences and will only be influenced by these experiences. The soul in one person does not change entirely through life experiences it can only change slightly by being influenced by those around us. In determining who we are as people, the soul is the key ingredient and it should be the first thing that is analyzed from one human being to the next. More often than not, looks do not matter, it is what lies within ourselves that determines who we are as individuals.

Improving Third Party Service Integration The Cloud, SAAS, BPO Essay

Improving Third Party Service Integration The Cloud, SAAS, BPO - Essay Example The paper tells that Software-as-a-Service is both an application delivery model and a business model. It allows business owners and other customers to access and use an application without owning it but on a pay-as-you-use basis. This renders the need for installation and running of the software on the client’s machine or infrastructure redundant. Integration of SaaS into the business by third parties is an important process that should be well understood and handled. There are several risks that are associated with the integration of third-party BPO and SaaS services into clients businesses. Integration is now becoming a critical concept as far as SaaS is concerned. Currently, SaaS has gained more widespread acceptance and in so doing, it is becoming a key component of the entire corporate software requirement. Therefore, all these key components or parts need to be able to integrate and be aware of each other. SaaS is both an application delivery and a business model thus g iving cloud service consumers the ability to access and use various applications on a pay-as-you-use basis without having to install it and run it on their own hardware. SaaS applications are accessed over the internet through a thin client or via a web browser. They are mostly based on subscriptions and all required support, upgrades, or any ongoing maintenance is provided by the vendors as services. In the event that the capabilities of the software application is to be improved, customized or changed, it is provided consistently to all the cloud service consumers utilizing that application. ... For software vendors, SaaS application model enables adequate protection of their intellectual property rights. They also have control of the operational environment of the software and are sure of a repeatable revenue stream through subscriptions. Cloud computing has various capabilities, promises, and opportunities; however, there are some management complexities and various risk elements that those adopting this cutting-edge technology are faced with. In order to understand and properly achieve improved third-party integration, it is imperative that issues such as Integrating network, storage, and computer services from one or more third-party vendors, beadequately addressed. Managing business continuity and security risks associated with adoption of cloud services from various third-party application vendors. Managing the lifecycle of a particular service in an environment of a distributed multiple provider so as to be able to meet SLAs (Service Level Agreements) with consumers E ffectively maintaining audit processes and governance across integrated clouds and datacenters. Switching or adopting new third-party cloud services This research paper looks at how to improve third-party integration as pertains to the SaaS architecture. First, we will establish the need for integrations; what risks are associated with integration. The paper will then analyze some emerging issues as far integration standards and requirements are concerned. This will be ideal in helping us draw out an integration requirements document for both BPO and SaaS. We will then address issues that will emerge in implementing SaaS solutions. This paper will finally address the implication of third-party integration on the overall SaaS architecture. It will also be of great

Conclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Conclusion - Essay Example Migraine has various negative effects on the lives of the patients suffering from it. After depressive disorders, migraine is the main reason why women take days off work, in high-income countries. Not only does it affect working women, but the onset of migraine in adolescents is also very common (Iseri & CabioÄŸlu, 2012). Migraine patients often feel that the headaches control their lives. Research has proven that patients think that migraine affects their quality of life and at times makes it impossible for them to live their life freely. However, it is one of those disorders, the effects of which, extend to the entire family, friends and other relationships (Rutberg & Ã" ¦hrling, 2009). Even though there have been various interventions and research studies regarding migraines, it has been very difficult for the nurses to help migraine patients deal with the symptoms. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments have been used to treat migraines in women. Acupuncture is a non-pharmacological treatment that has been found to be very effective when treating migraine headaches. Numerous research studies have been conducted over time to test the effectiveness of acupuncture for curing migraine (Iseri & CabioÄŸlu, 2012). The objective of this paper is to review and analyze the effectiveness of acupuncture against migraine in females. The paper investigates how acupuncture is more effective, and determine the veracity of it exhibiting fewer side effects, than analgesics for alleviation of migraine, in females between 25 to 55 years old, during the first few hours of administration. Therefore, the clinical question of interest is: from among female patients be tween the ages of 25 through 55 that had been diagnosed with migraine, is acupuncture more effective as it allegedly exhibit lesser side effects than analgesics, for alleviating the symptoms? Acupuncture is

Theory of Knowledge Essay Example for Free

Theory of Knowledge Essay Art is a thing created by an individual using a rare, natural and creative talent. Some people say that it is impossible to define the meaning of art. They could be wrong as if it couldnt be defined, then the word art would have no value in our language. Since we use it all the time, it must have some meaning to it. Some people say art can be anything and everything. However, if everything is seen as art, then the word art is in danger of losing its meaning because it no longer distinguishes certain things from others. According to the Theory of Knowledge, there are three possible criteria of what is classified as an art; the creative intentions of the artist, the quality of the work and the response of spectators. Beyond this, everyones opinion about what art is compiled of differs from each other. An artist is basically a creator of his art. He also is said to create the meaning of his art. He sees an object with his eyes and reveals the beauty in everyday objects. Besides that, he also tells a particular story through his work of art, whether they are his emotions, experiences or maybe his opinions. However, we should truly take into account that it is also possible that the artist refuse to create meanings within his art. As he is the creator of his art, he is the one who decides what he wants in his work. It is likely that he, in the first place, constructed his artwork without wanting to engage any meaning or substance in it and also, possibly, as an act of spontaneity. In a closer scrutiny, many people believe that an art has to have a meaning. Basically, it starts with the artists intention(s), whether he wants to convey a message to his viewers, express his thoughts and feelings through his art in many ways, such as through paintings on a piece of canvas, music with a pleasing melody, or even a well-crafted rhyme. For instance, take a simple sketch of beautiful butterflies on a notebook. As we, the spectators respond by scrutinizing the artists intention(s) based on the art, it will somehow evoke various emotions in our minds such as freedom, beauty or perhaps also, fragility and gracefulness. That is the meaning of an art. Another constructive example would be Vincent van Gogh, who did not consider himself an Impressionist as his artworks were all symbolic and has deep meanings in them. Basically, his art exploited nature to reflect his inner vision and emotional state through lines, colours, spatial composition, distortion and exaggeration. These methods were all manipulated to create a meaning in his art. Similarly to Van Gogh, another famous artist Picasso is another good example. For many years people criticized Picassos work of art, described it as devilish and -well insane. The main reason was that his art simply looked rather unnatural in its ways. However, they are still universally known around the world just because of the meanings implied within his artworks as it provokes thoughts and feelings. On the contrary, what if a piece of work of an artist does not have a meaning within it? Is it still considered as an art? What if the artist refuses to provoke emotions, feelings and thoughts of the audience? Does it still make his piece of work an art? What if the artist wants his work to be meaningless? What if he has no message to convey to his viewers? Maybe that piece of work is constructed with the intention to spend the spare time that he has?  As we view from a different perspective, it can also be considered that as long as artists have a creative intention and the urge to produce a piece of art, their work is definitely believed as an art through qualities such as the excellence of the work and the various materials, methods and technical skills used to produce the art regardless of whether or not their work has a meaning. Through my own experience, a few years ago, I drew a simple sketch of butterflies during free period in my notebook as I wanted to just draw whatever that comes to my mind at that moment. To be honest, I never thought of conveying any messages such as independence, beauty, fragility and so on to my audience. I had never considered how the butterflies carried deep, fundamental meaning and how they could be represented as symbolisms. As I was the creator of my art, to me, they were just butterflies. All I wanted them to be were butterflies, without any meanings at all. However, it is still considered as an art because my intention while drawing those butterflies was to loosen up my mind, and besides that, the quality of the drawing was fairly beautiful and attractive as it reveals the beauty in everyday objects. Lastly, I also gained response from spectators with their opinions about my drawing. To emphasize on my point, again, according to the Theory of Knowledge, things are considered as art if they fulfil the three criteria stated above. Thus, my work was without a doubt an art, even though it has no meanings within it. In conclusion, it shows that there isnt a definite answer of Yes or No to the question given above. Through the study of Theory of Knowledge, we are encouraged to see things in a bigger perspective and to examine every angle of a situation. In this matter, from one point of view, art has to have meaning in much the same way as words written on paper have meaning considering how an artist intends to convey a message and to communicate emotions without words. On the other hand, art also does not have to be about anything to be good. In fact, the more people tried to scrutinize and understand the meaning of the artwork, the less interesting that work becomes as they are easily deciphered by the audience. It is also said that the greatest art takes a lifetime to understand; the slightest takes a moment. While more people tried to make their own meaning from a piece of art, it does not mean that it is the initial meaning that the artist intended. Sometimes, many tried hard to figure out the meaning of an art but it turns out that the artists intention does not want his art to have any meaning at all.  I believe it is open to interpretation whether does something have to have a meaning or if it does not, is it still considered as an art?

Aiding Education Essays -- Essays Papers

Aiding Education A look at what the U.S. must do to improve education for the poor. Introduction The public educational system in the United States is in desperate need of rejuvenation. The US’s standards are not up to par with other industrialized nations and because of this children don’t learn the fundamental skills required to become productive members of society. This trend is especially noticeable in areas of high poverty where schools do not have access to adequate resources to provide help for students that need it. Both the federal government and the states themselves have taken measures to right the course of the American educational system, but thus far the gains have been meager at best. In examining the current state of the United States’ educational system with respect to areas of significant poverty, it is important to determine what caused this country’s system to decay to such a dangerous levels, what is currently being done to correct the situation, and what more needs to be done in the future. How the states are helping fix the problem Annual test results like those from a recent MCAS exam (Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System) confirm what most of us already believe to be true: the communities with the lowest test scores are those with the highest levels of poverty. The strong correlation between poverty and poor academic performance has been evident to those in education for some time. The fact that it lingers and is in fact worsening in many areas begs the question: what are states doing to reverse this trend? (Brown) Because of the dire need for change with regards to education, state and federal policy makers alike have become increasingly focused on generating acceptable... ...r states to continue adjusting their funding methods and for the federal government to start living up to its promises. Bibliography Berliner, David. Vouchers: No Solution to Educating the Poor. http://www.asu.edu/educ/epsl/EPRU/point_of_view_essays/cerai-00-37a.htm Feb 22, 2002. Brown, Eileen. â€Å"Educating America’s New Majority.† http://www.inmotionmagazine.com/er/newmaj1.html Cardiff, Chris. â€Å"Education: What About the Poor?† http://www.fee.org/vnews.php?nid=221 Carey, Kevin. â€Å"State Poverty-Based Education Funding: A Survey of Current Programs and Options for Improvement.† November 7, 2000. Ourfuture.org. â€Å"Bush’s Budget Fails Education.† http://www.ourfuture.org/issues_and_campaigns/education/20040202_edu_budget.cfm. Rebora. Anthony. â€Å"No Child Left Behind.† http://www.edweek.org/context/topics/issuespage.cfm?id=59 May 26, 2004.

Control of Sex in Advertising

The Control of â€Å"Sex in Advertising† in France Jean J. Boddewyn, and Esther Loubradou The growing use and abuse of sex in French advertising prompted strong reactions from consumer and feminist associations, and resulted in extensive and strict public and private controls. Recently, the French self-regulatory system has developed a system involving various stakeholder organizations to analyze social trends related to the acceptability of sexually-oriented ads, develop new voluntary guidelines, solicit complaints and handle them through an independent Jury.The number and proportion of controversial ads has significantly decreased, and French advertising practitioners have been nudged to accept greater professional responsibility in exchange for the freedom of creativity to which they aspire. A few U. S. developments parallel this increasing cooperation between the public and private controllers of the old issue of â€Å"taste and decency in advertising† which is not fading in societal importance. Jean J. Boddewyn is Emeritus Professor of Marketing and International Business, Baruch College (CUNY) (email: Jean.[email  protected] CUNY. edu). He has written extensively since the 1980s on the regulation and self-regulation of advertising around the world. Esther Loubradou holds a Master’s Degree in Communications and a post-graduate degree in Mass Media Law. She is a doctoral candidate in Advertising, Law and Communications at the University of Toulouse, France. Her dissertation deals with Decency and Sexual Content in Mass Media in France (email: [email  protected] fr). 1 Keywords: sex in advertising, advertising control by state and industry in France and the United States.Many Americans probably associate the French with sexual laxness and have seen their sexcharged ads for perfumes and cosmetics. Yet, France applies very detailed and strict controls – both public and private – to the use of sex in advertising and courts have ruled in a few notorious cases. Besides, its advertising self-regulatory body reports annually to a government ministry about the progress of its endeavors after conducting an annual survey of sex-related ads in certain media, and relatively few ads have recently been found in violation of French laws and industry guidelines.What explains this paradoxical situation, what are the special causes and features of the French control of sex in advertising, and – briefly – how does the U. S. system compare with it? Since nothing has been published in English on the French control system bearing on sex in advertising, this short Note has to be mainly descriptive and interpretive as a springboard for more theoretical and policy-related research. Still, in answer to admonitions to involve various disciplines (Richards 2009; Rotfeld and Stafford 2007; Rotfeld and Taylor 2009), this study is multi-disciplinary to the extent that cultural (e. g. the evolution of sexual mores) , political (e. g. , the impact of pressure groups), legal (e. g. , the development of â€Å"co-regulation† combining public and private initiatives) and ethical (e. g. , the â€Å"professionalization† of advertising practitioners) factors are used to interpret the French situation. One of the authors is French and an expert in communication law while the second one is American and has conducted many studies of advertising regulation and self-regulation in multiple countries. This Note’s public-policy implications are less evident because of the significant differences between the French and U.S. legal and self-regulatory systems, which preclude easy cross-border borrowings. Yet, there is a significant evolution in the United States toward greater cooperation 2 between the U. S. government and some self-regulatory bodies, which is briefly outlined in the last section of this Note. This development can benefit from knowing how the French system has moved toward c ombining the compulsory and voluntary approaches to the control of sex in advertising, and how the doubts expressed about the effectiveness of self-regulation (e. g. , Rotfeld 2003) can be partly assuaged.Besides, valid concerns keep being expressed in the United States about the potential impact of â€Å"sexualized violence† against women in ads on the acceptance of such behavior (Capella, Hill, Rapp and Kees 2010) so that the abuse of sex in advertising is likely to remain an important U. S. socio-political issue whose resolution can profit from knowing the French experience. For these purposes, we will start by analyzing the stimuli that prompted French legal and self-regulatory responses, and conclude with a brief comparison of the French and U. S. control systems. Stimulus: the â€Å"Sex in Advertising† Issue Sex in advertising† as a form of â€Å"selling sin† (Davidson 2003) has long generated negative reactions. Thus, the first International Code of Advertising Practice of the International Chamber of Commerce already stated in Article 1 of its 1937 Rules that: â€Å"Advertisements should not contain statements or visual representations which offend against prevailing standards of decency. † This principle has been adopted by many developed and developing countries, and it is expressed in one form or another in their laws and codes of conduct. Much of the decency issue used to be about goods and services thought to be â€Å"unmentionable† (e. g. toilet paper and feminine-hygiene products) and whether an ad’s execution was in â€Å"good taste† and shown at the appropriate time – with the radio and television broadcasting of objectionable commercials being limited to late hours of the day. Nowadays, sexually-oriented ads apply to all sorts of goods and services (e. g. , clothing, perfumes, jewelry, 3 alcohol, video games, cell phones and movies), they are available on the Internet at all hours, and they frequently emanate from advertisers in the luxury-goods sector (e. g. , Dior). Such audacious practices reflect the modern sexualization of mores and values in Western countries (e. . , Giddens 1993; McNair 1996; Reichert 2003) – with several French books having such evocative titles and subtitles as â€Å"The Pornographic Consensus,† â€Å"Sexyvilisation† and â€Å"The Tyranny of Pleasure. † It helps explain the advent around 2000 of sexually-oriented ads that combine pornography, violence and submission, and reflect McNair’s (2002) â€Å"Porno-chic† concept which incorporates into cultural production some practices (such as fellatio) and taboos (such as pedophilia) that transfer the transgressive qualities of pornography into mainstream culture. To categorize the scope of sex in advertising, Loubradou (2004, 2010) developed the concept of â€Å"hypersexuality† (also used by the French self-regulatory system) to encompass: (1) full nudity and/or sexual organs shown in close-ups; (2) the promotion of products and services associated with sexual intercourse (e. g. , condoms, lubricants, escort services and sex toys); (3) â€Å"Sex andShockvertising† that combines sexual information with fear and shock – a strategy particularly used in public-service campaigns about AIDS and against child abuse, (4) showing or evoking sexual intercourse, homosexual relations, fellatio, sadomasochism and violence against women, and (5) sheer pornography as in an Internet ad exhibiting fellatio. Such ads generate four major types of objections (Boddewyn 1989, pp. 9-32; 1991, p. 26): sexism covers distinctions which diminish or demean one gender in comparison with the other – particularly, through the use of sex-role stereotypes; sexual objectification refers to using The expression â€Å"Porno-chic† was first used in 1973 by a New York Times journalist when the porn movie Deep Throat was release d because people thought it was â€Å"chic† (that is, trendy) to watch it. McNair (2002, p. 2) defined â€Å"Porno-chic† as a wide process of cultural sexualization and pornographication of mainstream culture engaged â€Å"in an unprecedented flirtation with the codes and conventions of the pornographic, producing texts which constantly refer to, pastiche, parody and deconstruct the latter. † As he put it: â€Å"Porno-chic is not porn, but the representation of porn in non-pornographic art and culture† (p. 1). 1 4 (mostly) women as decorative or attention-getting objects while sexuality relies on sensual, suggestive and erotic imagery, sound and wording, and is sometimes combined with the depiction of violence against women in ads showing them in harmful, subservient and helpless positions. French reactions to these excesses have been strong. French ResponsesIncensed Pressure Groups Of the dozen French consumer associations legally recognized and financia lly subsidized by the government, most are linked to family organizations and a few to militant labor unions, and they are officially acknowledged as valid partners in discussions and negotiations with public and business bodies for the purpose of ensuring consumer protection broadly defined (Trumbull, 2006).These organizations and, later on, environmental ones have been granted a formal â€Å"political voice† – a formal status which the French advertising industry has only received very recently (see below). Besides, feminist groups enraged by the treatment of women in advertising have been very influential in France although they have not so far received the same official recognition as consumer and environmental organizations because of their fragmented and sometimes aggressive nature.Thus, vocal organizations with such evocative names as The Hunting Pack, Guardbitches and Advertising Wreckers managed in the 1980s to focus the â€Å"sex in advertising† issue around sexist discrimination, the objectification of women and the violence shown against them – the latter following studies revealing the extent of actual brutality against women (beatings, rapes, etc. ). Feminists stressed the disjunction between the extended roles and functions of women in modern society, compared to their narrow depiction in advertising (Rapport IFP 2001, pp. -6), and their campaigns have often been reported and discussed in the media which have spread and amplified these groups’ demands for more regulations. 5 Public controls Two principles compete as far as the French regulation of sex in advertising is concerned – namely, freedom of expression and protecting the dignity of human beings (Rapport IFM 2008, p. 19) – as expressed by the first article of the Freedom of Communication Law (No. 86-107 of 30 September 1986): Audio-visual communication is free.The exercise of this freedom may be limited only to the extent required, on the o ne hand, for the respect of human dignity, the freedom and property of other people, the pluralistic nature of the expression of ideas and opinions and, on the other hand, for the safeguarding of law and order, for national-defense and public-service reasons, for technical reasons inherent to the means of communication as well as for the need to develop a national audio-visual production industry.Besides, Article 3 of the Executive Decree of 27 March 1992 requires that commercials respect truth, decency and human dignity, and avoid discrimination and violence that incite dangerous behaviors. Article 227-24 of the French penal code prohibits the diffusion by any medium of messages of a violent or pornographic nature and likely to seriously harm human dignity when they can be seen by a minor.The government’s Conseil Superieur de l’Audiovisuel (CSA) is charged with controlling advertising messages after their broadcasting in order to enhance the respect of human dignity, protect children and adolescents, and prohibit messages inciting hatred or violence on account of gender (Rapport IFM 2008, p. 19-20). Searching for New Values Particularly evident in these legal texts are the repeated references to â€Å"the dignity of human beings† – a principle already enunciated in the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948).The highlighting of this concept reflects the search for new post-modern values which would justify representations of liberated women in advertisements without caricaturing or mocking their new freedoms, opportunities and responsibilities. In this respect, French feminist pressure groups provided a new discourse aimed at promoting the positive â€Å"image of 6 women† in advertising although, by excluding men, their initiative generated charges of reverse sexism!However, French public opinion and policy were concurrently shifting toward banning all forms of discrimination based on gender, age, race, role and handicap so that a compromise could be achieved by adopting a new unisex principle that emphasized the respect of human dignity and thereby protected everyone against objectionable treatments in editorial materials, programs and advertising (Rapport IFP 2001), This new principle was incorporated in various French laws after 1986 and in industry guidelines, starting in 2001.Court Decisions The Penal Code has not been used so far because of the high cost of criminal suits, the reluctance of judges to act as â€Å"censors of artistic creation† (Rapport IFM 2008, p. 20) and their fear of being ridiculed as reactionaries, and the difficulty for associations to sue in criminal courts (Teyssier 2004, p. 168). Thus, it was the Civil Code’s basic Article 1382, which obliges whoever injured others to compensate them for the legal damage he/she caused, which was used to condemn Benetton in 1996 for three 1991 billboards showing an elbow, a pubic area and a pair of buttocks stamped â€Å"H.I. V. positive. † A French governmental agency (AFLS) charged with informing the public about AIDS sued Benetton and was paid damages on the ground of this advertiser having undermined the human dignity of those affected by this disease by evoking the way meat is stamped and the tattooing of concentration-camp inmates during World War II, besides marginalizing a group of people by representing them as a marked population.Private Controls The previously mentioned â€Å"Pornochic† transgressions prompted the French advertising selfregulatory body to improve its responses to growing criticisms of the use of sex in advertising. In particular, it triggered its October 2001 â€Å"Recommendation† (Image de la Personne Humaine) fostering the dignity of human beings in the representation of people in advertisements. This 7 voluntary guideline states that ads should not hurt their audiences’ feelings nor shock people by showing demeaning o r alienating nudity, violence against people – especially women – or depicting people as objects.Concerned about the impact of advertising on minors, an April 2005 Recommendation specified that Internet ads should not harm the â€Å"physical and moral integrity of its young public† by promoting illicit, aggressive, dangerous and antisocial behaviors, challenging the authority of parents and educators, representing children and adolescents in degrading manners, presenting them with indecent or violent images and speech that may shock them, and exploiting their inexperience or credulity.In the same vein, a May 2007 Recommendation applying to erotic electronic services is aimed at promoting human dignity, the fair and true information of consumers and the protection of young audiences. The French Advertising Self-regulatory System The Professional Advertising Regulation Authority (Autorite de la Regulation Professionelle de la Publicite, ARPP) was created in June 2 008 as a private association completely independent of the government. However, it reports to a French ministry about its pursuit of violations of taste and decency in advertising because its 2003 Commitment Chart (Charte d’Engagement) requires it to submit an annual report on â€Å"The Image of Human Beings in Advertising† to the Minister in charge of Parity and Professional Equity, and to distribute it to the public at large. 3 Self-regulatory controls are applied both a priori and a posteriori.In the first place, French advertisers, agencies and media members of the ARPP may apply for non-binding copy advice by its legal experts at the pre-publication stage (15,196 projects were scrutinized in 2009). However, pre-clearance is mandatory before the broadcasting of all television commercials, and the ARPP can require modifications and even ban the proposed commercial if it is in breach of The ARPP is the successor of self-regulatory bodies dating of 1935, and it was na med the Advertising Verification Bureau (Bureau de Verification de la Publicite, BVP) from 1953 to 2008. The French government itself commissions independent studies such as the â€Å"Report on the Image of Women in the Media† (Rapport IFM 2008) that was solicited by the State Secretary for Solidarity. 2 8 the law and its Recommendations. A posteriori, the ARPP monitors ads on a random basis in all media except television where the government’s Superior Audiovisual Council (CSA) prevails. ARPP penalties consist of asking â€Å"transgressors† to modify or remove their ads, requesting the media to stop diffusing an offending ad, and the possibility of taking violators to court.Its decisions are widely publicized, and campaigns are regularly conducted to make the ARPP’s principles, recommendations and services better known as well as to incite advertising professionals to act responsibly. The previous BVP self-regulatory body handled complaints from consumer s and competitors but the new ARPP structure is more comprehensive and includes external stakeholders.It comprises: (1) an advisory Advertising Ethics Council (CEP) chaired by an independent academic to â€Å"anticipate† new societal developments; (2) an Advertising Parity Council (CPP) of which half of the members represent consumer and environmental associations, and which â€Å"concerts† with industry representatives about the need for new self-regulatory rules, and (3) an independent Advertising Deontology Jury (JDP) made up of persons who have no links with industry or consumer associations to solicit and â€Å"sanction† complaints from the public in order to complement the ARPP’s monitoring of ads.Impressive Results The 2006 BVP report to the Minister in charge of parity between the sexes dealt only with posters and billboards because they are highly visible to all audiences – young and adult, pleased or offended. Of 4,288 â€Å"visuals,â₠¬  only 8 (or 0. 19%) were considered to be violating its Recommendations. In all cases, the advertisers removed their ads, and the BVP credited the willingness of most outdoor advertisers to consult it before diffusing their ads for the low incidence of violations. Its report for 2007 (ARPP 2008) dealt with the Image of Human Beings in Advertising – with such subtitles as â€Å"Does advertising diffuse sexual stereotypes? † â€Å"Are there too many images connoting sexuality? † and â€Å"Where does Pornochic stand today? † It covered outdoor advertising, newspapers and magazines – except those publications targeted at adult audiences (e. g. , girlie† magazines) – and it compared the sampled ads with its Recommendation on the representation of human beings in advertising, whose images should not offend human dignity, undermine decency, objectify/reify people, present denigrating stereotypes, induce ideas of submission, domination or d ependence and/or present moral or physical violence. Out of 89,076 monitored ads, 96 (or 0. 10%) were found wanting – less than in 2003 (0. 15%) but more than in 2005 (0. 02%) – mainly in terms of offending human dignity (51 cases) and on account of the recrudescence of pornochic ads for luxury goods – particularly for clothing (e. . , Dolce & Gabbana). The results for 2008 were even better, with only 46 infractions and a decrease in pornochic ads (ARPP 2009) although these statistics did not cover the Internet which even very young audiences know how to maneuver in order to find and recirculate sexually-related materials. For the ARPP even 46 violations were too many and suggested greater professional vigilance and education so that its first campaign in 2008 was entitled Sexe because pressure should be maintained for even better results (e. g. , against the objectification of women).Following the implementation of the 2008 Jury system (JDP) that solicits and h andles complaints from the public, its first report for November 2008-December 2009 disclosed 24 valid ones of which 18 were related to the protection of human dignity and, in the majority of these cases, the complaint was upheld. Such public complaining and negative Jury decisions are 10 likely to persist because viral advertising on the Internet and word-of-mouth diffusion have created a huge recirculation of ads with sexual and violent content. 4 For that matter, the French self-regulatory system finds it sometimes problematic to handle new issues.Thus, the BVP report for 2005 acknowledged its hesitation about what to decide regarding a billboard showing two homosexual men kissing (Rainbow Attitude Campaign). On the one hand, such a highly visible public display would shock the public so that maximum prudence should be exercised; on the other, it would be discriminatory to oppose a homosexual kiss when heterosexual ones are frequently shown. This advertisement was not found to be in violation of any public regulation or private rule – an example of how this self-regulatory body relies on both the law and its own Recommendations to control the use of sex in advertising.The new 2008 ARPP system of â€Å"professional regulation† has been publicly recognized in several ways. Thus, a 5 March 2009 law, which transposed into French legislation the recent European Union directive on audiovisual services, did officially authorize the Superior Audiovisual Council (CSA) to delegate the preclearance of television commercials to the ARPP. Besides, the Paris Appeals Court stated on 26 October 2010 that â€Å"recommendations from the ARPP, even though they have no legal character, are professional practices that the judge must take into account if they do not contradict a legal or statutory measure. Moreover, professional regulation is now acknowledged and accepted by the French government which through several â€Å"Commitment Charters† (see above) has implicitly agreed not to regulate or ban certain practices but requires in exchange an effective system of adequate guidelines as well as an accountability evidenced by periodic and transparent monitorings and reports. These agreements amount to a system of â€Å"co-regulation† between public and private 4 Neither French nor U. S. egulators have found effective ways of controlling the diffusion of illegal or inappropriate Internet materials except through the obligation put on Internet Service Providers to remove illegal materials, on advertisers to warn about the sexual content of their messages, and on broadcasters to offer parents program-filtering devices. 11 actors who concert and collaborate in the public interest, and help generate a sense of responsibility among advertising professionals now convinced that their industry cannot claim its freedom of speech if it cannot prove its responsibility (Teyssier 2004, 2011).A Brief Comparison with the U. S. System In the fi rst place, the French have focused on protecting the dignity of all human beings and forbidding all types of discrimination in advertising while, in the United States, the problem has been framed in terms of protecting minors at the relatively modest price of adults losing only part of their free-speech right as far as the broadcasting media are concerned. 5 To be sure, other U. S. edia can still offer indecent and profane materials but they are supposed to reach better targeted audiences excluding minors. Second, compared to the French situation, politically weaker and less affluent U. S. consumer associations have exercised relatively little influence on the government in recent decades, the National Organization for Women has limited its sway to the â€Å"naming and shaming† of sexist advertisers, and even the very influential religious movement did not succeed in its campaigns to â€Å"cleanse American culture† (Lane 2006).Third, in both countries, the government h as been the main actor for the control of taste and decency in advertising, with self-regulation a strong second in France and a seemingly weaker one in the United States – largely because of First-Amendment and antitrust constraints (Rotfeld 2003). Yet, the lack of a French-like self-regulatory organization designed to study social trends, develop and publicize detailed guidelines, advise practitioners, solicit and handle complaints, and penalize wrongdoers has not precluded multiple U. S. nitiatives that add up to a control system Following various Supreme-Court decisions, obscenity and pornography are prohibited in all media while indecency and profanity are forbidden on radio and television except between 10:00 PM and 6:00 AM when children are unlikely to be in the audience. 5 12 that can respond fairly rapidly and effectively to complaints. All U. S. media have a pre-clearance system and most offensive ads are withdrawn by the advertiser or no longer diffused by a medium (Edelstein 2003) although some researchers challenge this positive evaluation (e. . , Rotfeld 1992). Besides, most sexual ads find their niches thanks to behavioral targeting and because the vast majority of sex-related ads match the programs where they are shown. Fourth, on account of various Supreme-Court decisions, U. S. government agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) have had to severely limit their control of indecent and profane materials in programs and advertisements.Thus, the FTC has rejected any â€Å"immoral, unscrupulous or unethical test† because the latter has never been relied upon as an independent basis for proving unfairness. Besides, the â€Å"secondaryeffects rationale† used by some family associations, U. S. legislators and regulators to justify further restrictions on account of their presumed effects on children and society – e. g. , fostering immorality and feeding the prurient app etites of pedophiles and child molesters – has not been accepted by the U. S. Supreme Court (Beales 2003).In contrast, such secondary effects have been used to justify all sorts of French proscriptions such as the ARPP Recommendation that Internet ads should not harm the â€Å"physical and moral integrity of its young public† (see above). Fifth, in both France and the United States, advertising practitioners believe that industry rules devised and applied by them are preferable because they know better what the problems and their realistic solutions are, and self-regulation generates greater moral adhesion than the law because industry guidelines are voluntarily developed and applied (Boddewyn 1992, pp. -8) even though it tends to improve only when the threat of regulation is real (Loubradou 2010). In this regard, there is increasing collaboration between governments and the advertising industry as evidenced by the French Commitment Charters while, in the United States , the Children’s Advertising Review Unit (CARU) of the Council of Better Business Bureaus has received the 3 blessing of the Federal Trade Commission which, under the â€Å"safe harbor† provision of the 1998 Child Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), can approve industry guidelines that help implement this law – a practice which also applies to the Entertainment Software Rating Board which assigns age and content ratings to computer- and video-game ads, and which has been favorably evaluated by the FTC (Bravin 2010, p. B1).Finally, while governments, family and consumer associations in both countries are presently very concerned about personal-data privacy, behavioral targeting and the promotion of fatty, salty and sweet foods to children, â€Å"sex-in-advertising† remains an important issue because of the potential risk that sexualized violence in ads and the media may contribute to the desensitization of people and the socialization of aggressive beha vior toward women (Capella et al. 2010, p. 45; Liptak 2010, p. A16).In this context, our analysis of the French cultural, political, legal and ethical dimensions of this issue can help us understand under what conditions the above concerns can lead to its meaningful and effective public and private control. References ARPP (2008), Bilan 2007: Publicite et Image de la Personne Humaine. Paris : Autorite de Regulation Professionnelle de la Publicite. _____ (2009), Bilan 2008: Publicite et Image de la Personne Humaine. 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Paris: Commission de Reflexion sur l’Image des Femmes dans les Medias, 25 September. Rapport IFP (2001), Rapport du Groupe d’Experts sur l’Image des Femmes dans la Publicite.Paris: Secretaire d’Etat aux Droits des Femmes et a la Formation Professionnelle, July. 15 Reichert, Tom (2003), The Erotic History of Advertising. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. Richards, Jef I. (2009), â€Å"Common Fallacies in Law-Related Consumer Research,† Journal of Consumer Affairs, 43(1), 174-180. Rotfeld, Herbert J. (1992), â€Å"Power and Limitations of Media Clearance Practice s and Advertising Self-Regulation,† Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 11(Spring), 87-95. ______________ (2003), â€Å"Desires Versus the Reality of Self-Regulation,† Journal of Consumer Affairs, 37(2), 424-427. _______________ and M. R. Stafford (2007), â€Å"Toward a Pragmatic Understanding of the Advertising and Public Policy Literature,† Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 29(1), 67-80. _______________ and Charles R. Taylor (2009), â€Å"Advertising Regulation and Self-Regulation Issues Ripped from the Headlines With (Sometimes Missed) Opportunities for Disciplined Multidisciplinary Research,† Journal of Advertising, 38(4), 5-14.Teyssier, Jean-Pierre (2004), Frapper sans Heurter: Quelle Ethique pour la Publicite? Paris: Armand Colin. _________________ (2011), â€Å"Advertising Regulation and Self-Regulation in France. † Working paper to be published as a chapter in a forthcoming book edited by Mary Alice Shaver and to be pu blished by M. E. Sharpe. Trumbull, Gunnar (2006), Consumer Capitalism: Politics, Product Markets, and Firm Strategy in France and Germany. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.