Analyze the implications of the 1st and 2nd Amendments to the U.S Essay

Analyze the implications of the 1st and 2nd Amendments to the U.S. Constitution - Essay Example The Bill of Rights is arguably the most crucial portion of the Constitution because it ensures that our system of majority rule will not degenerate into a system of mob rule. It is designed to protect the rights of the minority from an unfettered majority that might otherwise trample those rights. The protection of minority rights that is enshrined within the Bill of Rights facilitates an open political system in which dissent is tolerated under the law and informs the political process. In essence, protection of minority rights such as freedom to criticize the government and freedom of the press to openly report on government activities is the reason why the United States is able to have a legitimate political system marked by free and fair elections. If minority rights were squashed, it would lead to a governmental system more akin to communism, in which the majority party becomes the only legal party because they essentially outlaw the opposition. The First and Second Amendments t o the Constitution are critically important components of the scheme to protect minority rights in America. The First Amendment to the ... It is no accident that these three basic freedoms are outlined within the first of ten Amendments. It is likely that the Framers of the Constitution considered these to be the most important of all the rights that need to be protected from the will of the majority, in order to establish a truly open and free democratic republic. Among the many current issues that have arisen out of the First Amendment is the question of the extent to which the press has the right to protect its sources. The jailing us New York Times reporter Judith Miller for failing to reveal her source in the matter of the leak of the identity of CIA operative Valerie Plame raises the specter of the government's ability to chill press freedom to investigate and report on sensitive government matters. Ultimately, it was found that the interest of the state in prosecuting criminals and providing for national security trumps the right of reporters to refuse to disclose their sources. The implications of this finding are grave; and it remains to be seen whether investigative reporting in America will be severely weakened in the future as potential sources of information refuse to come forward for fear that the government might force disclosure of their identities. That result could end up depriving the public of important information they need to develop informed opinions about public matters. Another First Amendment issue that continues to be relevant is the doctrine of Separation of Church and State. The First Amendment guarantees that "Congress shall make no law respecting the Establishment of a religion," nor shall the government be allowed to prohibit free exercise of religion. In essence, the First Amendment guarantees that the government, in all its

To Kill a Mocking Bird Essay Example for Free

To Kill a Mocking Bird Essay Socialising is a very complicated process, for we often make unjustified assumptions that lead to misunderstandings or even worst, it might even cause the innocents to suffer. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, it was demonstrated a number of times, both in court and in every day life, often caused by peoples limited observations skills causing misjudgements; Jem and Scout made that mistake, thinking his dad is old and feeble and maybe useless but in reality he is actually a great shooter who doesnt like to boast about his talents. I truly admire the Atticuss personality, he was not thought highly by his town folks because he was humble and was not bind by the fashion in town. Harper Lee had uncovered the truth of human nature; because of Atticuss appearance and modesty, he was not justified fairly. Just like the old saying goes, Dont judge a book by its cover, sadly, this is a philosophy that many cannot achieve. Inessential factors including bias, appearance racial hatred and so for always get in the way of justification, twisting the fact into the justifiers favor and that is when injustice happen. In To Kill a Mockingbird, this had happened a number of time, even children had inherited this bad vile trait, including the main characters- Jem and Scout. In chapter 10, it was demonstrated when they were justifying Atticus on p.98: Our father didnt do anything. He worked in an office, not in a drugstore. Atticus did not drive a dump truck for the county, he was not the sheriff, he did not farm, work in a garage, or do anything that could possibly arouse the admiration of anyone. Besides that, he wore glasses. From the above description, we can tell that Jem and Scout were judging Atticus with their measures for an admirable person. They were counting what Atticus was not instead of what he could do, in addition, they didnt know Atticus well enough to be able to make a judgment about him and they refused to listen to what others have to say about Atticus, in this case, its Miss Maudi. Jem and Scout were affected by prejudice and judged Atticus only based on his appearance and their own measures. Jem and Scout always thought his father-Atticus was weak and feeble only because he was different from the rest of the fathers in town; he was not very active like the other fathers were due to his old age. Jem was never satisfied with Atticus, because to him, he was not a exciting father he could be proud of, until he discovered Atticus outstanding shooting skill. Jem and Scout always thought they knew everything about Atticus until that incident, Scout was quite young so she could not understand it, whiled Jem had finally understand Atticus wisdom of modesty and displayed his maturity by stopping Scout from bragging about Atticus in front of their friends and said this interesting quote. Atticus is a gentleman, just like me. (Chapter 10 p.109) Jem and Scout was always disappointed their father because Atticus is different from the others but his opinion for him had gradually changed as he matured, and as it did, he finally came to an understanding of the real values a gentleman should posses. Atticus was a model father for his children and a great educator; he had earning respects from his fellow town folks, the readers and gradually, his children. He had always been thought as weak and feeble by his own children, but it changed right after his children discovered his nick name One shot Finch, their perspective for him has immediately changed. We could not completely blame his children for misjudging him; Atticus had hid his talents well with to his humble personality. I truly admire Atticuss great personality: he was a true gentleman and showed great wisdom and humbleness. Even though his talent was discovered by his children, he still refused to brag about it, this was shown in shown in chapter 10 p. 108 when Mr. Tate spoke to Jem Whats the matter with you, boy, cant you talk? said Mr. Tate grinning at Didnt you know your daddys Hush, Heck, said Atticus.' Atticus even stopped others from praising him, plus he still chose to keep his principles after he just prevented his neighbors from being attacked by a mad dog. Atticus was a great model for Jem and he greatly contributed to Jems grown in maturity. To Kill a Mockingbird had a timeless topic; similar versions of this story had appeared again and again in human history, where innocents almost always suffer. Harper Lee had exposed the ugly truth of human nature and the fact that injustice exists in this society often caused by some peoples ignorance or selfishness. Jem and Scout started of misjudging Atticus and fortunately, it was all cleared up after the incident with Jem finally understood the values of a gentleman. Jem and Scout were lucky to have Atticus as a father, he was a great educator and he tried his hardest to make sure they are safe, safe from the weaknesses in human nature. To Kill a Mockingbird was a well-written narrative; it flawlessly uncovered a variety of human nature- the finest of humanity as well as ugly human natures.

Corporate Reporting Essay example -- essays research papers fc

To:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elizabeth Bruce – Line Manager From:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charvin Ebanja – Accountant Date:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7 November 2002 Subject:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction and discussion of Directors (Pentium plc) concerns about the use of published financial statements for evaluating the success of a company. You should discuss the purpose of financial statements for various stakeholders. You should also discuss the impact the different accounting policies have on the final published figures. The company we have chosen to focus on is the Selfridges Group plc. In this report we will look at the published financial statements to analyse their financial performance and positioning. We will also focus on the objectives, limitations and users of financial statements. As well as the how the various accounting policies impact on these statements. Before discussing directors concerns we must look at the objectives of the financial statements. The ASB states in their statement of principles, that the objective of financial statements ï‚ · To provide information about the reporting entity’s financial performance and financial position that is useful to a wide range of users for assessing the stewardship of management and for making economic decisions. ï‚ · It can usually be presumed that this objective can be met by focusing exclusively on the information needs of the defining class of user, investors. ï‚ · Investors need information about the reporting entity’s financial position and performance that is useful to them in evaluating the entity’s ability to generate cash ( including the timing and the certainty of its generation) and assessing the entity’s financial adaptability Financial information regarding the operations of and resources controlled by an entity will be of interest to a wide range of stakeholders (user groups). Although, various stakeholders will be able to obtain bespoke financial information to suit their particular requirements the vast majority will have to rely on the published financial statements. Although the various user groups will have different requirements it does not follow that financial statements are not designed to meet the specific needs of all interested parties. The Statement of Principles identifies seven user groups. These being, investors, customers, employees, lenders and other creditors, suppliers, gov... ...r accounts the exchange rate had increased to ï€ °3 =  £1. Euroself decided to sell their asset for ï€ °96000. With the return they repaid their loan, and returned Selfridges initial investment of ï€ °24000 at an exchange rate of ï€ °3 =  £1. This can be calculated using both methods:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Temporal Closing Rate  £000  £000 Non-Monetary Asset Exchange Rate (ï€ °2= £1) 48 (ï€ °3= £1) 32  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Share Capital 24 8 Loan (ï€ °3= £1) 24 24 48 32 Exchange gain/(loss) 12 (4) Under the temporal method Selfridges will receive  £8000 back of their original investment and will show a loss  £16000. While under the Closing rate method the company receive nothing back and Euroself would still be  £4000 behind in the deal. Again we see how the different methods demonstrate how a different outcomes can be depending on the method of calculation. Bibliography ‘Financial Reporting’ 6th Edition, Alexander & Britton ‘ACCA Study Text, Advanced Corporate Reporting’ BPP Publishing ‘ACCA Accounting Handbook 1999/2000’ ‘GAAP Handbook 1999/2000’ ‘The Magic Circle’ Accountancy June ‘Good Report For Governance’ Accountancy December 2001

How Duty of Care Contributes to Safe Practise Essay

What duty of care means in children and young people settings Duty of care – it’s required we have to give the right amount of attention and caution to avoid negligence which would lead to harm to other people. Duty of care is the legal term for safeguarding yourself and others. Children (especially young children) are vulnerable because they have not yet developed the physical and cognitive skills to care for themselves, so they need care from the adults around them. As a practitioner we have a duty of care towards them, the younger and more vulnerable the child, the greater the duty of care needed. Duty of Care includes the following concepts: †¢ to keep individuals safe †¢ to keep individuals free from harm †¢ to give choice As a practitioner, vigilance and attention keeps young children safe as they develop, these areas help when the child has a good role model to teach them: †¢ The ability to foresee and cope with potential dangers †¢ More robust immune systems †¢ Empathy – understand that their actions may hurt or upset others †¢ Communication skills to be able to talk about the harm others may be doing them How this contributes to the safeguarding or protection of individuals Duty of care contributes to the safeguarding/protection of children/young people by keeping them safe and protecting them from abuse, whether this is in a sexual, physical, neglect or emotional harm. Children have a right to be safe and to be treated with respect and dignity, as a practitioner we have to take reasonable steps to ensure the safety and well-being of all children in our care. If we don’t follow all necessary steps it could be regarded as professional neglect, we must always act and be seen to act in the child’s best interests. Babies and under 3’s are in need of an adults care for protection because they are unable to do this for themselves. Duty of care safeguards children in my setting in various ways: * Risk assessments – having done risk assessments we are taking precautions to avoid accidents or the spreading of infections. * Following the correct procedures if we have any concerns for a child’s well-being. * We set clear expectations and boundaries depending on age, stage and development and we discourage any behaviour which could result in a child being harmed or upset. * Assessments and observations on children can alert us to any problems that may need our attention and will also help in the discussions with parents and other professionals. * Always listen to what the children have to say and take any concerns they may have seriously.

Corporate Social Responsibility: Airplanes and Airline Industry

In 1978, The Airline Deregulation Act was purposed and signed by President Jimmy Carter. This federal law came into existence for two main reasons; stated by Carter (1978), â€Å"to help our fight against inflation, and to ensure American citizens of an opportunity for low-priced air transportation. Today’s motives in the airline industry go way beyond economic decisions for themselves as well as their shareholders. Nowadays, businesses are an essential part of society and the airline industry must exceed their compliance of legislation and obligations of what is expected of them and focus on the interests of society.In doing so, they must perform corporate social responsibility that will help improve the community, society’s youth, charity, education, and also our planet. This corporate social responsibility should not be an option but rather an obligation, as that they play an essential role in creating goodwill, a positive image, and a competitive edge for the indus try. Corporate social responsibility also increases sustainability by assisting the industry in achieving its goals and increasing long-term shareholder value.One company that exhibits this corporate social responsibility is JetBlue. They are dedicated to serving the needs of America’s youth as well as their community. Ian Deason, the director of airport operations, stated that â€Å"Flying is our core business†¦ our core values include caring, integrity and passion. † The company will continue to demonstrate their corporate social responsibility in April 2013 by hosting their third annual â€Å"Wings for Autism† event at their Boston Logan International Airport location.The program is designed to introduce the possibility of flight travel to children with autism and give their families an opportunity to practice the boarding process, become familiar with the plane, and interact with the pilots and crewmembers. Crewmembers will team up with autism experts a t The Charles River Center, where they will be trained to exemplify the expected and unexpected needs of families with children who are autistic. Since the program started in 2010, more than 400 families in the Boston area have been able to participate in the program which the company plans on providing to other cities in the near future (McFadden).JetBlue also partners with many nonprofit organizations. One in particular is KaBOOM, an organization that constructs innovative kid inspired playground areas for communities. This past March, following the occurrence of Hurricane Sandy the partnership hosted a design day in the Sandy impacted city of Long Beach, NY in which children were able to sit down with team members and assist in the design of a playground that will be constructed there in May of 2013.JetBlue plans to expand this program to other affected cites and since their partnership with KaBOOM in 2006 they have helped build a total of 13 playgrounds, engaged 2,636 volunteers and provided a safe place for children to play in cities across the airline’s network (BlueTales). Moreover, JetBlue isn’t the only airline that is signifying their corporate social responsibly to the community. Transaero, an airline company in Russia implements many charitable programs. In 2012, the company’s corporate social responsibility program made the top three in Russia and they were also assigned the top AAA(s) corporate social responsibility rating.Transaero supports children with cancer as well as their families. They offer camps where children can receive medical and psychological rehabilitation and also fund a year round facility in Moscow, where children and their parents can receive legal aid. With cancer treatments and airfare being rather expensive, the company offers free flights to Moscow, St. Petersburg or even abroad so that the children can receive their needed treatment. Also many of the airlines employees are regular blood donors and mak e regular visits to hospitals and cancer centers to visit with sick children.Olga Pleshakova, the company’s CEO stated that â€Å"volunteering is not just about the company’s social responsibility program, but is an integral part of its HR policy that allows employees to show their best sides and develop their potential†¦the social initiatives of employees should be met with understanding and support by management† (Tveritina). Oman Air and AirBus are two other foreign airline companies. Both are committed to inspire and educate today’s youth by providing them with an appreciation for science and technology. The two airlines joined forces back in March of 2013 and created â€Å"The Little Engineer† workshop.The workshops were conducted at Sultan Private School and Azzan Bin Qais International  School in Oman and gave young Omani students a first-hand look into the world of engineering and encouraged them to pursue a future career in aviation . (Awal). Furthermore, as mentioned above the airline industry can safeguard our planet by exercising their corporate social responsibility by â€Å"going green†. Air France-KLM is one company in particular that focuses on this issue. For eight consecutive years the Dow Jones Sustainability Index has ranked Air France-KLM transport leader in terms of sustainable development in the airline sector.This merit is awarded to 19 of the most responsible companies in the world, each in their own area of activity. Air France’s environmental efforts reduce 400 tons of waste each year (Amstelveen). Air France reduces environmental wastes by recycling old uniforms as well as 80% of inflight articles. An environmental and social approach was used in designing their new inflight, reusable headphones. After a flight, the recovered headphones are cleaned and repackaged by a company that now employs 50 additional disabled workers thanks to the efforts of Air France.Also, with pollution being a huge issue in the aviation industry Air France is conducting research with experts to create more sustainable biofuels that will cut down on carbon dioxide emissions and provide a more fruitful planet for society (The Financial). Additionally, the airline industry has been global before anyone even considered globalization. According to the article â€Å"The Airlines Global Dilemma†, international travel has been around since the early 1900s. Chalks Ocean Airways had routine trips to the Bahamas and Pam Am had international routes to countries such as China, Japan, and Philippines in the 1930s.International flights are the airlines best chance to make a profit as well because international flights have the most margins. â€Å"The Airlines Global Dilemma† article also highlights one key aspect to the globalization of this particular industry and is unlike any other industry, for the traditional airlines, globalization is not an opportunity, but the gravest thre at. The reason for this is partially laws, environmental uncertainty and complexity. In the United States, there is a restriction on how much equity can be held by a non-American.The government keeps it at 25% and the United States is not the only country that does this. There are many different laws of that the airlines have to deal with. European laws are the only laws that favor cross border mergers. Mergers for airline companies make a lot of sense business wise if they can be done. If a merger is not possible, many companies do route-by-route joint ventures. The main reason to do a joint venture is to gain access to areas that companies are weak. Joint ventures are service agreements where on specific routes the companies share costs and profits. The joint ventures tend to be harder for he bigger companies to produce but it is a very good way for smaller companies to stay competitive. Through multi-lateral communication, groups of smaller international companies can almost act as a virtual airline itself. The airline market also has many threats. There is the threat of new entrants and threats of substitution that American airlines have to deal with. The air space is getting very crowded for the American airlines so the threat of new entrants is very real. There are many companies that are entering the market with many strategies. Poland’s international airline is an example of company with a differentiation strategy.They are the first airline in Europe to have Boeing’s new 787 according to AirGuide Business. The 787 Dreamliner is supposed to be more fuel efficient and more comfortable for passengers compared to older plane designs. There are also companies from the Middle East with strong growth strategies and a distinct competitive advantage. The new airlines from the Middle East are capitalized with government funds, running virtually tax free, equipped with new fleets operating out of new airports, are non-union, and offer top notch serv ice according to Airlines Global Dilemma.The airlines in the United States also have strong completion from within by low cost strategy companies. The threat of substitution is most prevalent by companies like Delta-Northwest and United-Continental. American Airlines is a great example of a company currently in Chapter 11 which needs to restructure, cut labor costs, and merge with US Airways. According to an article in Time Magazine, American Airlines labor cost was 4. 4 cents, Delta 3. 4 cents, and United 3. 7 cents per available seat mile.That difference results in billions of dollars and probably contributed to American Airlines’ two billion dollars in loss last year. According to Fortune, the merger should eliminate 1. 25 billion in labor costs. Not only do the airline carriers have to deal with globalization but also have deal with airplane makers. Boeing, for instance, has a very different problem than companies like American Airlines and Delta. Boeing has too many orde rs to fill which could possibly give this supplier stronger bargaining power. Boeing owes it buyers 2845 planes and is only building 35 planes per onth. At that rate, it will take Boeing six years to fill those orders and that is only if they do not get any more orders during that time. Management for Boeing needs to stress efficiency. They have made promises to increase production to 60 planes per month. Even at 60 planes per month that still leaves potential buyers waiting for quite a while and that could cause them to seek other international suppliers. Many buyers may go to Europe’s company Airbus or even try to newer companies such as Canada’s Bombardier according to AirGuide.In 2000 the United States Congress passed the Wendel H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st century. The purpose of this bill was to create a competitive plan for new entrants entering the Airline Industry. It gives guidelines and requirements for existing airlines to allow n ew entrants a chance to get started in the business. Another name for the act is AIR-21, and the results for AIR-21 are significantly positive; by allowing one endpoint airports to decrease their price by 10%, and for both endpoints to decrease their price by 20%.Some problems new entrants have when entering the Airline Industry, is operations and marketing. Marketing for a new airline can be difficult because of the loyal customers existing airlines already have. However, there are plenty of ways that airlines can increase their loyal customer base, with things such as frequent flyer miles, corporate incentive agreements, and travel agent commission overrides. For new entrants these would be considered a threat to entering the airline industry. Another threat to entering the airline industry is starting off with limited operating access.These would include limited boarding gates, ticket counters, baggage handling, storage facilities, and take-off and landing slots. Even though it m ay seem like a great time for a new airline to open, with existing airlines cutting routes, and raising prices by seat, this would be a very hard industry to enter and have a success story. For an airline to see any profit right now while oil prices are higher than ever, they must be able to fly full planes at all times. Lately even existing airlines have failed to see a profit. For example, Virgin Airlines did not see a profit for five years after its first flight.Even Warren E. Buffet was stated in a New York Times article that an investment in US Airways, in the early 1990’s, one of his biggest mistakes â€Å"Here a durable competitive advantage has proven elusive ever since the days of the Wright Brothers. Indeed, if a farsighted capitalist had been present at Kitty Hawk, he would have done his successors a huge favor by shooting Orville down†. There are many risks entering the Airline Industry, but there are also many rewards if a new entrant were to have a succes s story. JetBlue reported profits of $1. 5 billion dollars last year, and its revenue at $192 billion dollars.They opened in 2010, and they are now an international airline. At the end of 2011, JetBlue was reported to have an average of seven hundred flights a day. JetBlue is becoming more of a success story than most other new entrants. For a new airline to start up, they need to understand how their investment breaks down. Landing and associated airport charges makes up 4%, depreciation and amortization 7%, maintenance and overhaul 10%, fuel and oil 12%, flight crew 7%, enroute facility charges 2%, station expense 11%, passenger service 10%, ticketing, sales and promotion 16%, general administrative 12%, and the rest is miscellaneous.The above information was given by The Airline Industry Trends, Challenges, and Strategies authored by Dr. John Wensveen. Dr. Wensveen noted that there have been twenty five airline failures since 2007. This is because of the global economic crisis in 2008; airlines were forced to increase their rates because of the high oil prices and the falling demand of people needing to fly. A SWOT Analysis for an airline would go as followed: Strengths: The AIR-21 act gives new airlines a chance to get started * The reward of having a successful airline is very big * Opening an airline is a Cost-Leadership strategyWeaknesses: * The is a very big risk * Oil prices are high * It cost a lot of money to open a new airline * Loyalty systems other airlines have with their customers Opportunities * Being able to start something new * Opening up in an industry that will always be improving Threats * The US Airways merger with American Airlines * The United States Airlines Industry has the potential to become a monopoly with the merger of airlines * Not being able to move loyal customers to a new airline On February 14, American Airlines and US Airways publically announced their proposal to merge with one another.Higher power executives and preside nts in these 2 substantially large companies ensure that the soon-to-be merger will â€Å"lessen competition in the airline industry,† â€Å"provide the airline’s customers with a broader network, more choices, and better service† (Lawton). However, others do not agree. Many believe that because this newly merging company will be valued at $11 billion and will make-up a whopping 26% of U. S. market share, which would be the world’s largest airline, this will actually lead to an increase in fares (The Wall Street Journal).Although the future of airfares is uncertain, it is safe to say that both companies are doing an excellent job in organizational communication during this transitional phase. US Airways and American Airlines are currently in a bumpy transitional phase in merging to become an airline powerhouse. US Airways and American Airlines must establish strategies to achieve common goals and develop this approach, which will require extensive mutual planning. Doug Parker, the former CEO of US Airways, will be taking the role as head of the new company, which will be taking the name in favor of American Airlines (Jones).In a previous interview, Parker stated that â€Å"they’ve got some advantages in making the marriage go more smoothly. † New management taking the reins of the new American must use a strategic approach to devise a long-term plan. In doing so, this strategic approach will be more beneficial than considering a short-term volatile schedule. There may be a large internal advantage to already having a sufficient amount of employees within the companies, but the public consumer will be more concerned about what disadvantages will affect them through external company decisions.A conflicting potential impact of this merger is combining loyalty programs. Frequent flyers may certainly be an airlines most valued customer. But as their most valued customer, they should not reap harmful effects throughout the p rocess of this combination. According to article American, US Airways Can Take Lessons from Other Airline Mergers the frequent flyer members of the â€Å"Aadvantage† rewards program will receive perks from both the US Airways program and American Airlines program. Although this is rational decision making: trying to smoothly overlay both reward programs to satisfy existing members, this rationality is bounded.Because of this bounded rationality, decision making is limited because it would be impossible to add all reward benefits from both airlines into one blended program. For example, American Airlines members, who carry the Express Platinum Card and Black Card had unlimited access to first class lounges. When this merger is finalized, these card members will lose this privilege. (Jones) There may be some rough patches in aligning these airlines but the potential benefits will greatly outweigh the troubles that may be faced. Darryl Jenkins has said that â€Å"The financial deal is easy; the challenges are always in the integration. The new American must show sustainability for their firm to achieve long-term shareholder value. As of April 9th 2013, American Airlines (AAMRQ) closed with a stock price of $3. 58; US Airways (LLC) closed at a price of $15. 70 but dropped . 14 points throughout the course of the day (YAHOO Finance). Work Cited â€Å"Air France: Committed to Sustainable Development. † FINCHANNEL. com. The FINANCIAL, 4 Mar. 2013. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. . Amstelveen. â€Å"Sustainable Development: Air France-KLM World Air Transport Leader in 2012. KLM Royal Dutch Airlines. KLM Corporate, 17 Sept. 2012. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. . Awal, Jamadil. â€Å"Oman Air, Airbus Bring ‘little Engineer' Workshops Muscat. † Arab News. SAUDI RESEARCH & PUBLISHING COMPANY, 28 Mar. 2013. Web. 08 Apr. 2013. . Business & Industry News – Aircraft Finance News. (2012). AirGuide Business, 1-16. Hawes, A. (2012, May 25). The Challenge of Starting a n Airline. The New York Times.

70 Words and Phrases to Identify a Horse

70 Words and Phrases to Identify a Horse 70 Words and Phrases to Identify a Horse 70 Words and Phrases to Identify a Horse By Mark Nichol An extensive vocabulary surrounds the various subjects pertaining to horses. Below is a list of contemporary and historical words and phrases referring to horses distinguished by characteristics such as color or type of use (but not by breed- hundreds of distinct breeds exist). Some entries also include other meanings for the terms. 1. bay: a reddish-brown horse 2. black: a black horse 3. bronco: a wild horse of North America’s western region 4. buckskin: a yellowish horse with a dark mane and tail; also, the skin of a deer and the leather produced from it, or, previously, to a person dressed in such leather 5. carriage horse: a horse selected, based on appearance and graceful gait, to draw a carriage 6. cart horse: a horse used to draw heavy loads 7. charger: a horse ridden in battle, tournaments, or parades; also, a large platter 8. chestnut: a grayish-brown or reddish-brown horse; also, a type of tree, the wood of the tree, or the nuts produced by the tree (and to the horse chestnut, a separate species), as well as a callus on a horse’s leg or a tired joke, expression, or song 9. chunk: a strong, stocky horse smaller than a draft horse; also, a large or thick amount or part of something 10. cob: a stocky, short-legged horse; also, an ear of corn or the core of it, a male swan, a clay-and-straw mixture for building structures, or a type of Spanish coin 11. cold blood: any one of various breeds of horses bred for calmness and strength 12. colt: a young male horse; also, a young, inexperienced person or a member of a youth sports team 13. courser: an energetic, fast horse 14. cow horse: a saddle horse trained for herding cattle 15. cow pony: see â€Å"cow horse† 16. cutting horse: a saddle horse trained to separate animals from a herd 17. destrier: see charger 18. dobbin: a slow horse, or a horse used on a farm 19. draft horse: see â€Å"cart horse† (also spelled, in British English, â€Å"draught horse†) 20. dun: a grayish-yellow horse with a dark mane and tail; also, that color, or drab and dull 21. feral horse: a free-roaming horse of domesticated ancestry, often loosely referred to as a â€Å"wild horse† 22. field hunter: see hunter 23. filly: a young female horse; also, a girl or a young woman 24. foal: a horse less than a year old; the phrase â€Å"in foal† means â€Å"pregnant† 25. galloper: a fast horse 26. gelding: a castrated horse 27. grade horse: a horse of unknown breed or mixed breed 28. hack: a horse available for hire, a worn-out horse, or an easygoing saddle horse (and see hackney); also, a ride on a horse, a vehicle that can be hired for transportation or its driver, a person (especially a writer) who works primarily for financial gain, an inexperienced or inept athlete, or a computer expert or someone who accesses a computer or a computer system to steal information or cause damage (or an instance of such an act) 29. hackney: a horse for riding or driving (and, capitalized, a breed of small, high-stepping horse); also, a vehicle that can be hired for transportation 30. hot blood: any one of various breeds of horses bred for agility and speed 31. hunter: a strong horse used in fox hunting and stag hunting; also, a person who hunts wild animals or a dog trained to help in hunting, or a person who searches for something (as a treasure hunter), or a type of pocket watch 32. Iberian horse: any one of various breeds of horse once bred in Spain and Portugal 33. jade: a worn-out or temperamental horse; also, a flirtatious or disreputable girl or woman 34. jennet: previously, a small horse from Spain; also, a donkey or a stallion-donkey hybrid (also called a jenny) 35. mare: a mature female horse (or other similar animal); also, a supernatural being that was said to cause nightmares 36. mount: a saddle horse (and an instance of riding a horse, especially in a race); also, a frame or a support, or a mound or a mountain 37. mustang: a small, strong wild horse of North America’s western region; also, a commissioned officer in the military who began service as an enlisted person 38. nag: an old, worn-out horse; also, someone who annoys with repeated complaints or comments 39. Oriental horse: any one of various breeds of horse bred in the Middle East 40. pack horse: a horse used for carrying supplies 41. paint: a horse with patches of white and another color (sometimes distinguished from pinto to describe a pinto with quarter horse or Thoroughbred ancestry); also, a liquid layer applied to an object or structure, or slang for makeup or, in basketball (as â€Å"the paint†), the free throw lane 42. palfrey: a saddle horse other than one ridden in battle, or a small, easygoing horse to be ridden by a lady 43. palomino: a light cream or golden horse 44. piebald: a horse (or any other animal) spotted with white and another color, especially black; also, a spotted pattern like this 45. pinto: see paint 46. plug: see nag; also, something used to connect devices or to stop a hole or something resembling one, a piece of compressed tobacco, or a favorable mention that provides good publicity 47. polo pony: a horse used in the sport of polo 48. pony: a small, stocky horse (or in plural form, as slang, racehorses); also, a small glass for beer or liqueur, or a word-for-word translation of a text in a foreign language, especially when used to cheat on an examination 49. quarter horse: a small, strong horse good at running fast for short distances 50. racehorse: a horse bred and trained for competitive racing 51. riding pony: one of several types of horse used in competitive horseback riding 52. road horse: a horse used for pulling a carriage on a road 53. roan: a horse whose hide has white hairs mixed with a darker color; also, such a mixture, especially with a base of red 54. rouncey: an all-purpose horse ridden during the Middle Ages, as distinct from a warhorse (also spelled rouncy or rounsey) 55. saddle horse: a horse used for riding 56. show hunter: a hunter (see hunter) used in competitive horseback riding rather than for hunting 57. show pony: a type of riding pony (see â€Å"riding pony†) 58. skate: see nag; also, a shoe or an attachment for a shoe equipped with wheels (for rolling on a hard surface) or a blade (for sliding on ice), or a period of skating, or a flat fish with large fins, or slang for man 59. skewbald: a horse with patches of white and any other color than black 60. sorrel: a brownish-orange or light brown horse (or other animal); also, that color, or any one of several plants that produce a sour juice 61. sport horse: a horse used in various horseback-riding competitions (also spelled sporthorse) 62. stallion: an adult male horse (or other animal), especially one used for breeding 63. steed: a horse that is ridden, especially an energetic one 64. stock horse: a horse used in herding cattle 65. thoroughbred: a horse (or other animal) whose parents are from the same breed; technically, in capitalized form, a particular breed often bred for racing 66. trotter: a horse trained to trot in races; also, a pig’s foot used in cooking 67. warhorse: a large horse ridden in battle; also, a person with much experience (especially a politician or a soldier) or a familiar piece of visual or performing art 68. warmblood: any one of various breeds of horses bred to combine the characteristics of cold-blood and hot-blood types of horse 69. workhorse: a horse used for work other than riding, driving, or racing; also, a dependable, hardworking person or machine 70. working hunter: a type of show hunter (see â€Å"show hunter†) used in fence-jumping competition Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? 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Computer Crimes and Ethics essays

Computer Crimes and Ethics essays Neal said that he and his friends, who named themselves the 414s after the Milwaukee area code, did not intend to do any damage and did not realize they were doing anything unethical or illegal. In fact, when asked [at a Congressional subcommittee hearing] at what point he questioned the ethics of his actions, he answered, Once the FBI knocked on the door. It's no secret that a mature sense of ethics is something a person develops over time. Parents are supposed to exercise authority over their children because the children are not expected to know how to make certain decisions for them. We have a juvenile court system separate from the adult criminal court system because we believe that a young person is not capable of criminal intent in the same sense that an adult is capable of it. Compare a bunch of adolescents breaking into a computer system with another bunch of kids hot-wiring a car for a joyride. The latter would probably argue, with complete sincerity, that they were doing no harm, because the owner of the car recovered his property afterward. They didn't keep or sell it. It's a naughty prank to borrow someone's property in that way, but not really serious. These hypothetical car thieves would be wrong, of course, in making that argument. They might lack the sensitivity needed to give weight to the victim's feelings of manipulation, of fear, of anger. They may not understand how the experience of such a random attack can leave a person feeling a profound loss of order and safety in the worldthe feeling that leads half our population to hail Bernhard Goetz as a hero to be emulated. Some adolescents don't have the empathy to see beyond the issue of loss of property. Some may show empathy in certain situations but not in others. The point is that the computer raises no new issue, ethical or pragmatic. The password hacker who says we aren't hurting anything by looking arou...

A Homegrown Writing Retreat

A Homegrown Writing Retreat Ah, the writers retreat! A four-star hotel with room service, or maybe just an idyllic cabin in the woods, with meals delivered on tippy-toe so as not to disturb the Muse. What you couldnt get done in such an environment – provided you can afford the fees and travel costs, and make it past the waiting list. If you cant, dont despair. For the last six years my writers group has held three or four retreats a year: spring, summer, fall and sometimes also winter. Its simple, inexpensive, and very, very effective. Most of us who attend the retreats write daily, and professionally. The retreats allow us to kick-start a new project or make major progress on an existing one. Heres what you need for your own retreat: ==At least three writers committed to showing up all three days. Four, five or six reduces the work per person. More than that would probably be unwieldy. ==A space big enough for everyone to write in, with facilities for meals. Ours is the living room in the home of two of our writers. You might also be able to use a church hall or some other community space that has a kitchen. ==A meal plan. Ours is done a week ahead so everyone knows what meals theyll be responsible for. Meals are scheduled: breakfast 8 a.m., lunch 1 p.m., supper 6 p.m. Theyre also simple, and as much as possible, made ahead. The person responsible for the next meal cleans up from the last one, which means you know where you put the cheese grater or the big spoon. We try to keep breakfast and lunch self-serve, and gather for conversation and readings at dinner. ==A project, and whatever research materials, notes or so on you require, plus your writing tools of choice. We list food sensitivities and dislikes on the meal plan. We also ban television, movies, radio, phone calls and music except with headphones. Visitors are discouraged, and any conversation has to be away from the writing area. Alcohol comes out only in moderation with dinner, where we read aloud from the days work and cheer each other on. Three of us are hard-core and attend every day of every retreat. Three or four others regularly show up for a day or two (with a meal and cleanup). The work is minimal – at worst, one meal and one cleanup per day. Its not unusual to have a day on which youre not responsible for any kitchen work. As for cost, I live fifteen miles from the retreat location and usually do two meals and provide some snacks (fruit, nuts or biscotti, plus dark chocolate). My total costs for the weekend are $60-$80 in gas and food. If my friends guest room is available, its less than that. Results? They can be amazing. I regularly get two weeks worth of writing done in three days. Ive polished a manuscript for publication, written 80 percent of a non-fiction book and ploughed through more pages than I can remember. My colleagues have had similar results. While its my daily writing practice that keeps me productive and sharp, the retreats help me remember that there are others out there sharing this creative life. I come out of a retreat refreshed and re- committed. The camaraderie eases the usual loneliness of the writers work, the feedback warms the heart. And the production doesnt hurt, either.

Women In the US Army Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Women In the US Army - Research Paper Example The information provided in the paper is all factual and based on the events which are related to the role of women in the army and its political effects. The paper starts initially during the early twentieth century and leads to the twenty-first century. It mentions how the policies have evolved with time and the present state. Earlier since the idea of women in uniform was bizarre to the US society as the military leaders, Rogers’ proposition to include women as regular army was not seriously considered. Rather the women’s presence in the army was being perceived as a threat to the existing military. So the superstition that women are best suited for indoor activities such as cooking, washing, childrearing, etc. and that due to their physical weakness and psychological frailty, women would cause nuisances to the soldiers rather than contributing anything worthy during any wartime. This limited approach lead to the arousal of various issues. Considering the status of women as weak, frail and fragile who were always exploding with emotions were not considered to be feasible to be recruited for such harsh jobs. It can also be said that men even considered it to be a threat to their present status and how their dominance might get affected therefore due to which they could not accept this under any circumstances. It needs to be kept in mind that during this era the US society was not as liberal as it claims to be now therefore gender equality did not persist back then because of which problems aroused. Therefore initially they were not deployed for direct combats or trainings but were kept for womanly chores such as nursing, cooking, laundry etc. for the troops. The troops started to depend on these women for their daily necessities. Although these women were merely housekeepers for the troops but they were subjected to the armies code of conduct and had to perform their

Management. Performance Based Budgeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management. Performance Based Budgeting - Essay Example While traditional budget tends to attach budget based on expense on specific items, PBB is concerned with general event outcomes (Last, 2009 p.2456). The planned and actual performance are both evaluated in terms of efficiency and effectiveness and the assessment used to allocate resources rather than using blind resource allocation system which emphasizes on organizational units and line item expenses. PBB has an objective of improving efficiency and effectiveness in public expenditure by linking allocation of funds to public organizations to their actual and projected performance (Guajardo, 2001 p.457). A basic form of PBB has a design, which ensures that the participating decision makers provide a systematic consideration to the results achieved by the expenditures at various government units when formulating budget on government expenditure. Performance Based Budgeting needs the following essential elements for proper budgetary planning. First it requires a measurable quantity of inputs available for the given project. These include monetary value of all resources ready to be injected in the project. Another requirement is units of output from the project. This involves assessment of the outcome of the project (Hughes, 2012 p.1004). Next is calculation of efficiency. This involves assigning an amount of input to each unit produced in order to get productivity per unit unit or activity. Lastly is analysis of achievement of the predetermined level of performance. The organization must have set goals, which it wants to accomplish; hence, it is necessary to measure the effectiveness of the management system used in terms of objectives achieved. Policy objectives and organizational goal development is the starting point in the PBB process. The achievement of goal and objectives should be reflected using developed performance measures. In the process of budget preparation, the main considerations are, past performance, current performance and projected future per formance information (Hood, 2009 p. 456). A detailed decisional analysis is undertaken in order to come up with the best and the most appropriate decision. The final decision should be the best in interlinking resources allocations to the measures, objective and goals. The outcome is a final report financial details and the recommended performance information. The report has a description of how the initiated measures taken influence the strategic plan and the projected result from the project. PBB is effective in Periodic project evaluation as regularcheckup is performed as the project proceeds. Financial information and performance information should be appropriately aligned and coincided during the duty execution in order to enhance efficiency in its implementation. Performances audit is done at the end of the financial period or project to determine the effectiveness of the PBB system used. PBB is beneficial in the sense that it raises accountability of an organization, as it se ts targeted outputs that enable the organization to work hard towards achieving. It encourages proper decision-making that are aimed at reducing the gap between the desired level of output and the actual level of output. PBB ensures that government strategic decisions are carefully implemented in terms of financial analysis. It is a tool of trigger to policy makers, customers and service

Business Ethics is Not an Option Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Ethics is Not an Option - Essay Example Analysis leads to the conclusion that observance of business ethics is not optional. Every business venture aims at flourishing in the modern marketplace. There are several methods of achieving including the application of marketing strategies for sales increase, manufacturing and production concepts for cost-effectiveness and organizational management for over-all company harmony. However, the concept of an ethically-run business as necessary for the company to succeed is becoming more and more recognized. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a by word for many business professionals. Although it is generally observing ethics and morals in business dealings, CSR is thought to comprise of activities such as supporting charities is CSR, funding anti-crime and poverty programs, exceeding legal or regulatory obligations in areas of business operation such as health and safety and consumer rights, managing the supply chain to ensure that suppliers respect human rights is CSR and taking measures to ensure that products do not harm the environment. (Kotler and Nancy 2004, p. 3) Our concern is not so much in defining CSR but in determining whether the observance of business ethics is optional or not. This paper will argue that business ethics is necessary and beneficial for the business firm. ... Increased Job Performance Quality The reason why a field in business called Human Resources Management (HRM) exists is that it was long recognized that there is a need to ensure that employee issues are properly addressed. One of the secrets of successful business companies is that they were able to derive extra commitment from all employees resulting to unprecedented quality and responsiveness in products and services along with heroic frugality, incredible levels of integration and collaboration within and without the organizations, and especially to pull off continuous, brilliant, and cheap innovation. According to the only way one can "manage" high level human output is to set the conditions for everyone doing their best: including support of the core competencies of people, their ability to self-organize, their ability to change and grow. A company can achieve this if it fosters trust and build organizational cultures in which freedom and personal initiative can cohabit with cooperation, caring and a highly integrated harmony. Only thru a sincere observance of business ethics can the company assure that its employees do not stage rallies, release negative public statements regarding the company, resign and reveal company trade secrets. Being ethical also helps in attracting excellent and skilled professionals to work for the company. The Industrial Society for the UK (in Price 2002) reports that "82% of UK professionals claimed that they would not work for an organisation whose values they did not believe in" and that "among smaller businesses, the survey showed that 62% of owner managers were influenced by their employees to be more socially active." Consumer Preference Observing moral and ethical values in the conduct of business does not

Google and saving face in China Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Google and saving face in China - Case Study Example Thus, Google cannot always count on the Chinese government focusing on cultivating innovation and promoting technology. However, it should also be mentioned that innovation is a crucial factor for an emerging country such as China from longer perspective of development and considering this fact, companies such as Google should continuously strive for creating and enhancing innovative technologies.5 The incident about Google and China is unforgettable, but Google is very attracted towards Chinese market and it has developed innovative technologies such as ‘Nexus S’, ‘Android Phone’ and ‘Chrome Operating System’. 6 Recommendation to Google’s Openness Policy in Countries that have Autocratic Regimes Learning from Google's China adventure, it would not be wrong to suggest that the company has to be extremely careful in the future before implementing operations in other autocratic countries. Avoiding problems such as that of ‘losing face ’, the company should build on collaboration with the governments of these countries. In this context, partnership with the governments of the countries that have autocratic regimes that Google want to operate in can be found through mutual dialogues as this will help to avoid clashes in future. Google should carefully examine the sensitivities of the host country in order to avoid providing user access to websites that can compromise relations with the government. This will certainly help in eradicating any conflicting views especially in terms of political and cultural factors that has been the major conflicting issues in China.7 For the strengthening of the openness policy in those countries, Google should gravely concentrate on factors related to politics and religion. Any news,... Learning from Google's China adventure, it would not be wrong to suggest that the company has to be extremely careful in the future before implementing operations in other autocratic countries. Avoiding problems such as that of ‘losing face’, the company should build on collaboration with the governments of these countries. In this context, partnership with the governments of the countries that have autocratic regimes that Google want to operate in can be found through mutual dialogues as this will help to avoid clashes in future. Google should carefully examine the sensitivities of the host country in order to avoid providing user access to websites that can compromise relations with the government. This will certainly help in eradicating any conflicting views especially in terms of political and cultural factors that has been the major conflicting issues in China. For the strengthening of the openness policy in those countries, Google should gravely concentrate on factors related to politics and religion. Any news, articles or journals and forums that criticize the political or religious values of the countries should not be revealed through Google’s search engine. Views of opposition political parties should be avoided as far as possible. Any access to information that may insight violence within the country or threaten the government stability should be carefully vetted. Google should comprehensively adhere to the factors that can harm moral or cultural beliefs of the people of those countries in the East Asia, Middle East or Latin America.

The Impact of Climate Change on the Oceans Coral Bleaching Rates Research Paper

The Impact of Climate Change on the Oceans Coral Bleaching Rates - Research Paper Example The presence of zooxanthellae within coral polyps is able to provide protection from ultraviolet rays from the sun, as well as a stable carbohydrate supply to the corals during the day (Brown, 1997). At the same time, the corals provide CO2 for the photosynthetic activities, as well as providing a shelter from other predators (Graham, et al., 2006). Most corals can be found in sunny seas in tropical waters, which foster photosynthetic activity of the symbiotic algae during the day. Coral reefs are found throughout tropical areas across the globe, and are mostly thriving near coastal areas (Figure 1). Often called â€Å"flowers of the sea†, these creatures are not only aesthetically pleasing for many tourists such as divers and underwater photographers, these are also ecologically-important members of ocean ecosystems by being a habitat for fish and other aquatic animals, as well as protecting the shoreline’s structure by serving as breakwater for the ocean’s waves (Cesar, 2000). Such a feat is possible due to the hard exoskeletons of corals, which are durable to the kinetic effects of ocean waves. The process in which coral skeletons grow and develop takes a very long time due to the gradual calcification process in building up the coral skeleton by very small animals. However, recent climate changes causes a degeneration of this coral exoskeleton, which not only poses a threat to the corals themselves but also to the creatures that dwell w ithin them, which in turn could affect livelihoods such as tourism and fishing industries of people living alongside coral reefs. Figure 1. The distribution of coral reef systems are limited to the tropics, seen here as dark brown markings around coastlines and islands (ReefBase, n.d.). Figure 2. Various species of common coral after undergoing bleaching lose their color. Scale bars=5cm (Anthony, et al., 2008). The steady rise in global temperatures have been causing various abnormalities in nature such as drastic weather changes, the growth and proliferation of invasive pests, and the destruction of marine ecological systems such as coral reefs. Several disasters within coral reefs have been recorded in the past decades, and most are attributed to the effects of rising atmospheric and ocean temperatures (Brown, 1997; Cao & Caldeira, 2008; Doney, et al., 2009; Glynn, 1993; Hoegh-Guldberg, et al., 2007; McNeil, et al., 2004). However, these are not the only factors that could contribute to the declining populations of corals and reefs, since other man-made factors also come into play. The acidification of sea w ater due to increasing dissolved CO2, saturation of nutrients due to leaching of fertilizer runoffs, and the increase of disease-causing pathogens and other agents due to the warmer waters causes the disruption of the symbiotic relationship of the zooxanthellae and the coral polyps (Bruno, et al., 2003; De’ath et al., 2009; Grandcourt & Cesar, 2003; Obura, 2004; Silverman, et al., 2009). Corals become bleached when the number of symbionts decreases in the polyps’ bodies, leaving them colorless and much more exposed to the ultraviolet rays of the sun (Figure 2). The lack of zooxanthellae decreases carbohydrate production which translates to a lesser food supply for the corals. This causes the death of the coral polyps,

Google and saving face in China Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Google and saving face in China - Case Study Example Thus, Google cannot always count on the Chinese government focusing on cultivating innovation and promoting technology. However, it should also be mentioned that innovation is a crucial factor for an emerging country such as China from longer perspective of development and considering this fact, companies such as Google should continuously strive for creating and enhancing innovative technologies.5 The incident about Google and China is unforgettable, but Google is very attracted towards Chinese market and it has developed innovative technologies such as ‘Nexus S’, ‘Android Phone’ and ‘Chrome Operating System’. 6 Recommendation to Google’s Openness Policy in Countries that have Autocratic Regimes Learning from Google's China adventure, it would not be wrong to suggest that the company has to be extremely careful in the future before implementing operations in other autocratic countries. Avoiding problems such as that of ‘losing face ’, the company should build on collaboration with the governments of these countries. In this context, partnership with the governments of the countries that have autocratic regimes that Google want to operate in can be found through mutual dialogues as this will help to avoid clashes in future. Google should carefully examine the sensitivities of the host country in order to avoid providing user access to websites that can compromise relations with the government. This will certainly help in eradicating any conflicting views especially in terms of political and cultural factors that has been the major conflicting issues in China.7 For the strengthening of the openness policy in those countries, Google should gravely concentrate on factors related to politics and religion. Any news,... Learning from Google's China adventure, it would not be wrong to suggest that the company has to be extremely careful in the future before implementing operations in other autocratic countries. Avoiding problems such as that of ‘losing face’, the company should build on collaboration with the governments of these countries. In this context, partnership with the governments of the countries that have autocratic regimes that Google want to operate in can be found through mutual dialogues as this will help to avoid clashes in future. Google should carefully examine the sensitivities of the host country in order to avoid providing user access to websites that can compromise relations with the government. This will certainly help in eradicating any conflicting views especially in terms of political and cultural factors that has been the major conflicting issues in China. For the strengthening of the openness policy in those countries, Google should gravely concentrate on factors related to politics and religion. Any news, articles or journals and forums that criticize the political or religious values of the countries should not be revealed through Google’s search engine. Views of opposition political parties should be avoided as far as possible. Any access to information that may insight violence within the country or threaten the government stability should be carefully vetted. Google should comprehensively adhere to the factors that can harm moral or cultural beliefs of the people of those countries in the East Asia, Middle East or Latin America.

Crown sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Crown sports - Essay Example The Company has nearly 50,000 club members with 22 mid sized health and fitness clubs across England on a whole all over U.K . The crown company is well known for their health services like gymnasiums, swimming pools and their environment areas crown sports plc was formed with the merging of the golf club holdings a famous golf course operating company in U.K with assets of eight golf courses at the time of acquisition. The other strategic business entities include sports based publishing, horse racing and sporting information, land and property investment. The main strategic business unit is the health clubs, as the company has much presence in the health club market. Crown has diversified in various business entities as the company performance registered a considerable growth in the initial phase of the new millennium. The crown sports company has a large number of members around the U.K. to enhance the customer experience they have entered into a new market avenue by exploiting th e market share of the local players who already existed in that region. In the golf industry, according to the then the MARTIN KNIGHT the Deputy Chairman of Crown Sports PLC growth potential for crown sports very good because there are a large number of courses that are not fulfilling their potential. The deputy backed the management skills, operational skills and understanding of the company fulfill customer requirements and propel will give the ability to acquire courses and manage them better.Resources and capabilities As we say services, it is performances and is frequently produced by humans and no two services will be precisely alike. The employees delivering the service frequently are the service in the customer's eyes, and people may differ in their performance from day to day or even hour to hour. The consumer is a part of the production process so the delivery system must go to the market or the customer must come to the delivery system. The concept of bringing customer to the product started working well as it has registered profits in 1999 and 2000. Analysts predicted there is huge potential for Crown to drive revenues by selling products to its members. The company superiors planned to expand the business to other sports related entities as a dynamic expansion strategy. It was revealed in the company chairman's words as "We think that there is a significant amount of consolidation likely to happen in the sports asset industry in the United Kingdom and that is where we are going to concentrate our activities over the next two years". Initially the company started thinking that it should not confine to a specific sport utility supplier and measured the options of diverging into new avenues and started working to that path. The basic idea behind this move is to expand their span of market and to increase the potential market base by merging with a company which has good customer base and was in healthy condition to takeover and to move with the crown sports . crown sports initiatives succeeded in acquiring the Dragon health club plc in last month of December 2000.The dragon's health club equally big as crown sports and has an admirable number of customer. The company performance can be actively studied with the help of the porter's generic strategies. Porter's theory specified that the company with different entities should havefreedom in their

The major ocean surface current patterns Essay Example for Free

The major ocean surface current patterns Essay An ocean surface current is a constantly directed and continuous movement or flow of ocean water. Major ocean surface current patterns are powered by the wind. However, these patterns are also largely influenced by other factors such as the Corolis effect, which is the deflection of the water to the direction of the wind, the differences in heating across the globe, and the structure of the landmasses. These three factors result in more permanent and large scale water movements that become the major ocean surface current patterns around the world. Generally, each of ocean hemispheres has its own gyre, which is the term for the circular movement of water. In the northern hemisphere, gyres move clockwise while in the southern hemisphere move counterclockwise. Examples of major ocean surface patterns around the world include Equatorial Counter Current, Kuroshio Current, North and South Equatorial Current, the Gulf Stream, and the North Atlantic Drift, among many others. 2. Compare and contrast: swells, breaking surf, and tides. Include water depth, wavelength, speed, and causes of each. A swell in the ocean basically refers to the development of ocean surface waves that are of long wavelength on the sea. They have more stable directions compared to other oceanic waves because they are mainly caused by steady wind systems and tropical storms. On the other hand, certain waves go through a phenomenon termed as â€Å"breaking. † These waves, also called â€Å"break surfs,† have bases that can longer support their upper part or top, which causes it to collapse. These usually happen when the wave runs through shallow water or when two waves run against each other. Its speed and depth depends on the size of the entire wave and its wavelength depends on how the wave was formed. Finally, a tsunami is a chain of waves that are created when a large body of water, like an ocean, is swiftly displaced. In a deep ocean, a tsunami usually has a wavelength of 120 miles or 200 kilometers. When a tsunami starts to form it is usually deep and travels fast, but as it approaches the coast or the land, it becomes shallow and it speed slows down to 50 mph or 80 kilometers per hour. The causes of a tsunami may include an earthquake, volcanic eruptions, massive underwater movements, and large asteroids hitting the sea or ocean, among others. 3. Discuss how tides in a bay depend on its location in the ocean. Since tides are largely dependent on the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon, its movement, occurrence, and size are influenced by its location in the ocean. Usually, when the moon and the sun are aligned with each other facing the Earth, the tides are either significantly high or low. On the other hand, when the two are not aligned, the tides are not as significantly high or low. In terms of location, when a coastline or a bay is located approximately between the moon and the sun, its tides could either be very high or very low. However, since the pull of gravity is stronger in the bodies of water that are far from land, there are more tides in bays that are located farther from the coastline. In short, when a bay is farther out in the ocean, the more tides there will be and vice versa. 4. Compare and contrast depositional and erosional coasts in terms of surface features, plate tectonic settings, and active processes. Two types of coasts that significantly differ from each other are depositional coasts and erosional coasts. Depositional coasts mainly have a lot of barrier islands, segments, and deltas. Their beaches are also well-developed as compared to the erosional coasts. One of its most prominent active processes is the longshore drift, which is a zigzag wave movement that causes the movement of sands and picks up sediments. One example of this type of coast is the Gulf Coast. On the other hand, erosional coasts have irregular and steep bays and headlands that create sea arches, sea tracks, and sea caves but lack well-developed beaches except for certain protected areas. It’s most active process is erosion as its particles such as rocks, soils, and sediments are displaced by wind and water movement. Possibly the best examples of this type of coast are the United States west coast and the Australian Coastline. 5. Discuss the differences in capabilities necessary for survival of marine organisms (larger than plankton) in the pelagic zone versus the benthic zone. There are several differences in the necessary survival capabilities of marine organisms between the pelagic zone and the benthic zone. The pelagic zone is any level or any part of the sea not near the bottom. On the other hand, the benthic zone is lowest region or area of an ocean, sear, or lake. Basic the main difference between the capabilities of the organism that live in the two zones include their tolerance of pressure and temperature and oxygen and nutrient requirement, among others. Since the pelagic zone covers areas that are not near the bottom, there are a lot of organisms that can survive in it. There marine organisms are usually ones that cannot tolerate too much pressure and need adequate oxygen and nutrients, which are abundant in this region as compared to the benthic zone. Examples of these organisms include the billfish, tunas, and dorado, among others. On the other hand, those that can survive in the benthic zone are organisms that have a high tolerance for pressure and do not require abundant oxygen and nutrient supply, which are significantly lower in the region. Certain examples of these marine organisms in the benthic zone, which are also called â€Å"benthos† include starfish, clams, sea anemones, and oysters, among others.

Marbury V Madison Case and Its Implications

Marbury V Madison Case and Its Implications The Head of State John Adams, who was a Federalist, lost his bid to Thomas Jefferson, a Republican, after re-elected in 1800. However, Adams and the Federalists still had power for a few months before Jefferson took office. During these months, Adam influenced Congress to pass the Judiciary Act of 1801. The Act enabled Adams to appoint some new federal judges in hope that the Judiciary would be filled with people opposed to the Republican policies and Adams appointed 39 judges. The acting Secretary of State John Marshall had to deliver the official documents for their appointments. John Marshall would later on become the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the originator of the Judicial review. However, he failed to deliver the documents to three judges before Adam’s term ended, and in particular, the appointment of William Marbury (Infoplease, 2005). Unfortunately, Jefferson learned of Adam’s schemes and the failure to deliver the remaining documents after assuming office. Jefferson then instructed James Madison, his secretary of state, to decline the appointments. William Marbury went before the Supreme Court to issue an order compelling Madison to authorize his appointment. According to the Judiciary Act of 1789, the Supreme Court had jurisdiction to issue such orders. The major issues underlining this case was whether or not Marbury had the right to the commission and whether the Supreme Court had the authority to review the constitutionality of Acts of Congress. Additionally, the case brought light to the question of whether the Congress could broaden the scope of the Supreme Court’s mandate above those specified in the Constitution (This day in history, 2009). The Court unanimously agreed that Marbury had a right to his appointment and that the Judicial Act was unconstitutional. According to Justice Marshall, the Congress had no mandate to give the Supreme Court powers to issue an order granting Marbury his appointment. Justice Marshall argued that if Acts of Congress conflict with the Constitution, the Acts are not binding in a court of law. Also, the judiciary’s responsibility was to uphold the constitution. However, the constitution did not indicate the Supreme Court having such jurisdiction. Consequently, the Court could not compel Madison and Thomas Jefferson to appoint Marbury (Infoplease, 2005). The Court ruling in Marbury v Madison paved the way for a key precedent, the Judicial Review. Justice Marshall interpreted the Constitution to imply the Supreme Court had powers for judicial reviews. The Supreme Court had the powers to review acts of Congress and the President. Also, the Court could overrule a law they thought was unconstitutional. If laws were in conflict with each other, the Court had the mandate to decide their individual operations. The Constitution indicates that the Supreme Court had original jurisdiction in cases relating to ambassadors and public ministers. However, the Court had appellate jurisdiction in all other cases (This day in history, 2009). Consequently, President Jefferson and the Republicans eliminated the newly appointed judges by revoking the Judiciary Act in 1802. Additionally, the Congress Impeached Justice Samuel Chase, a Supreme Court judge, but later on acquitted him (Infoplease, 2005). References Infoplease (2005). Marbury v. Madison case. Retrieved from  http://www.infoplease.com/us/supreme-court/cases/ar20.html. Migration Information Source. (2013) Immigration in the United States: New Economic, Social, Political Landscapes with Legislative Reform on the Horizon. Retrieved from  http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/immigration-united-states-new-economic-social-political-landscapes-legislative-reform Burt, L. Batalova, J. ( 2014).Refugees and Asylees in the United States.Retrieved from  http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/refugees-and-asylees-united-states This Day in History. (2009). Marbury V. Madison Establishes Judicial Review. Retrieved from  http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/marbury-v-madison-establishes- judicial-review

Essay --

With reference to no more than four art works, discuss the state of public art in Singapore or any one in SE Asian country. Does it integrate into its physical environment or otherwise? What function does it perform? Introduction on Public Art According to Wikipedia, public art refers to works of art in any media with the specific intention of being situated or staged in the physical public domain. In other words, they are known as artworks that are displayed anywhere in public; in an indoor or outdoor setting. These artworks are carefully planned and executed so that they compliment and integrate with its physical environment. According to Henry Moore (XXXX), displaying sculptures outdoors is best because the artwork is able to relate to the sky, rather than trees, buildings, and people because these elements may cause conflict in the artwork’s interest which will definitely lose its true meaning. In relation to the sky, only then will the public be able to contrast infinity with reality so that they are able to discover the artist’s true intention behind the artwork without making a comparison. Public art may come across to the general public as a form of physical engagement. The notion of â€Å"can see, can touch† of accessible artworks as compared to the artworks displayed in museums which is usually, in a rather controlled setting. Public art breaks that rigidity and restricted boundaries. These artworks are usually aesthetically pleasing as they humanize and provide a touch of decor to the physical environment, thereby invigorating public spaces. It provides an engaging intersection between the past, present and future across various ideas and disciplines. Public art also reflects the country’s public history and evolving cult... ...t. It activates the public’s imagination and it encourages them to pay close attention to the artwork in the physical environment. It transforms a city or country through public spaces, into something more vibrant and interesting with the expression of the artists’ imagination. Carefully conceived public art installations are able to capture the eye and mind of public walking through the public spaces. It allows the public to experience and celebrate the essence of rich connections to the history yet at the same time, it helps to define & reach out to the community within the community itself through the conceptual idea behind the artwork. Such example will be, Goh Yixiu’s site-specific installation with raffia string entitled â€Å"Paranoia†. Vito Acconci quoted, â€Å"If you want change, you must be prepared to think differently. The function of public art is to de-design†.

Speech about Drugs

It does not matter who I am or what my name is, what really did matters is my experience about this topic and of course the message that m going to pass you at the end of this speech. Marijuana, L SD, Cocaine, Heroin†¦ All these fancy words, what are they all? They are drugs, all different types Of drugs. All Of which have a different affect on our body, some more than others but they all do the same. Lets be honest. Drugs is not as cool as you think they are, they must be taken seriously especially in your age fellow students when it is more likely to want to try new things.Close your eyes. Imagine your life as a drug addict. What you have just thought, I am so convince that it can not be compared to what drugs can do to any of us. Well, test take a deeper look. First of all, let me explain the true definition of the word drug. Drug addiction is a dependence on a legal or illegal drug on medication. When you are addicted is when your body requires the drug in higher doses to ha ve the same effect and to avoid withdrawal symptoms. You have an intense crave for the drug. Most people can not quit and they need help since they can not do it on their own.Also, drugs can cause serious, long term consequences, including problems with physical and mental health, relationships and employment. Based on the observation, the students consume the drugs cause of stress. It is to calm down the instant thought. The students do not realize that the drugs consumption has the negative impact for them, like the intelligence decreases, mental disorder, death and many kinds of disease. Take a moment and think of the signs that someone can have when he is addicted. At first, it is not so obvious to recognize the addict from the healthy human.Usually, If the addict go too long without drugs, he experience symptoms such as nausea, restlessness, insomnia, depression, sweating, shaking, and anxiety. If you take a deeper look in someone addicts eyes they re usually bloodshot, larger or smaller than usual. He does not eat, sleep and he sudden lose or gain weight. His physical appearance is starting to deteriorating and he has an unusual smells on breath, body or clothing. Not only he lose his words, but also when he is talking his voice tremors.As for his behavior can easily change and the person you knew, it turns out to be someone else that the only thing he cares about is to take his drug dose. He drops in attendance and performance at work or school. He has an unexplained need for money, and he also may borrow or steal money if you effuse to give him. Sudden change in friends, and he frequently getting into trouble, fights or even illegal activities. What about the effects that drugs can do to their victims? Well there are so many, that I have no idea where to start.Firstly, drugs can weaken the immune system and also rate to heart attacks. We all know that drugs such as heroin can be injected. Well, injected drugs can also lead to collapsed veins, infection s of the blood and different kind of diseases such as Aids. Another effect on drugs is that it can cause seizures, stroke and widespread brain mage that leads to problems with memory, attention and decision-making. Do you know that drugs can produce global body changes? For instance they may development breast in men and it can increase body temperature.Drugs speed up the nervous system and give a feeling of happiness and well-being. They prevent you from relaxing and sleeping, you become uncontrolled and jumpy. The drugs can take you, to not only on good ‘trip' that extraordinary things will happen, they can also take you on a bad trip that it turns out to be a nightmare that you can not wake up from. Your life revolves around drug SE. You spend a lot Of time using and thinking about drugs, figuring out how to get them, and recovering from the drugs effects.You become depressed and you lose all interest in life. You also become paranoid, you confused reality from what you are seeing when you are stoned. Another effect is that the drug addicts have the feeling that someone is after them like the police, or someone who wants to hurt them. What about the people around the addicts? Can you imagine what the surrounding environment can think of them when they find out that you became drug addict? First of all, since you can not concentrate to your job responsibilities, one day to another you become unemployment.Say goodbye to your friendships or relationships that you once had. They can also be negatively affected since the people around you can not trust you. Lastly, the most fatal feeling that you can cause to your family is the feeling of disappointment. The family of the addicts usually blame themselves for the addicts mistakes for doing drugs. F-articulately they are some ways that in nowadays a drug addict can help himself. First of all, you have to stand out and refuse to take drugs. Also, you should find out more healthy solutions to your problems tha t you may facing.Last but not least, as a friend of the victim motivate him to seek for help for his addiction. For example, going to rehab or even going to some organizations such as the Narcotics Anonymous (AN) can help you in many ways to stop using drugs. So, you want know who I am or who I was? Well, I was a drug victim that ended up destroying everything in my life. I was the one that changed dramatically and became one of the things that I warned you about. I shut people up, especially my own family. Captioned everyone and when I wanted help it was too late.

Functional Health Assessment

Nursing theorist Marjorie Gordon developed, in 1987, functional health patterns as a tool guide, used by nurses as a comprehensive data collection during patient assessments. Functional health pattern enables the nurses to identify and determine all aspects of health and human function (Kosher, 2013). The purpose of this assignment is to discuss how the interviewed family views their health overall, to improve their health promotion/patient education, and to identify the needs of the family using Gordon’s 11 functional health patterns. Family Health AssessmentThe family selected for this project is a bi-nuclear family with three children. The mother is 40 years old and has two occupations, a phlebotomist and a nursing assistant. She has a 15 year old daughter, 3 year old twin boys. Her daughter is from her previous marriage. The father is 48 years old and works as a long distance truck driver. The couple has been married for 7 years. During the interview the family was asked o pen ended questions to evaluate their overall views of their health. These open ended questions were used in conjunction with Gordon’s 11 functional health patterns.The minor children were included in discussions with parents present. Patterns of Health Perception and Health Management The family as a whole perceives their health in overall good condition. They believe that with frequent and check-ups with their primary physician, their health can be maintained and managed properly. The importance of spirituality plays an important role in maintaining mental and physical wellness. The father has past medical issues with hypertensive crisis induced by stress and diet. The mother has a history of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and cesarean section with the childbirth of the  twins.In order to improve health maintenance they are dieting appropriately and exercising regularly and taking what they call a â€Å"family time-out† on the weekends to relieve stress and bu ild emotional bond. Nutrition-Metabolic Pattern Diet is an important part of this family maintaining their health. Because of the fathers condition the family eats a cardiac healthy diet. Their typical daily intake, consist of lots of vegetables, salads, chicken and fish. They have deleted red meat and carbonated drinks out of their diet.The father confessed to eating sweets and other unhealthy items. The children state that they like to snack all day. Mom sends the twins with healthy snacks at daycare and the older daughter opts to eat school lunch every so often. She prefers to bring a Gatorade and sandwich for lunch. The family was noted to practice eating the recommended 6 small meals per day. The main meal in this household is eaten around five or six p. m. The father and mother had experienced weight fluctuations due to diet changes and life changing stressful events.Pattern of Elimination The elimination function is regular without difficulty for anyone with bowel movements o r urination. The frequent urination is no longer an issue for the mother since she has lost some of the baby weight and no longer with pregnant. The twin boys are currently being potty trained, with some episodes of incontinence at night, which is to be expected. They are still using pull-up briefs at bedtime. Pattern of Activity/Exercise This family is very active. The mother says she stays active with work and the two boys at home keep her busy.The mother does a lot of heavy lifting at working so she is required to wear safety brace while at work. The father job requires sitting most of the time with lifting from time to time. They do many outdoor activities for family time, for example, fishing, swimming, and bike riding on the trail, at the local park. The mother participates in zumba exercise class on Wednesday evenings. Cognitive and Perception Education is a continued factor in this household. The mother is in school for licensed practical nursing.The daughter is in high scho ol and maintains  a 3. 5 grade average in her classes. The twins go to day care every day for early learning. The father completed 2 years of college and has degree in general studies, has a special driving license. Pattern of Seep and Rest Family’s response towards rest was different. The mother complained of lack of rest since the twins were born and the father stated that when he is home from a long trip it is difficult for him to sleep at home because he is used to being up all night driving. The twins and the teenage daughter take naps and gets sleep without any complaints.Pattern of Self Perception and Self Concept Some family members noted to feel unsatisfied about their appearances in different ways. The daughter felt that she had chunky legs. The father felt that he could stand to lose a few more pounds because he felt fat. The mother is still worried about fitting into that bathing suit she bought two months ago on sale. Body image was an issue, but it was discuss ed nonchalant throughout the conversation. The daughter appeared to be vainer about her appearance than any other family member.Role Relationships PatternSupport for each is noted throughout the family, they attend church regularly on Sundays has a spiritual and emotional support system. The parents socialize with other church members through activities. They voiced satisfaction with their home life. They often go out on dates with other couples and families with children. The mother’s relatives live close by, so they have frequently family visits. Sexuality –Reproductive Pattern The parents are currently sexually active. The teenage daughter stated she is not, but was curious and had some questions.The daughter started her menses at age 11. The mother started her menses cycle at early age 9. The parents were informed of the teenage daughter curiosity and questions so that could be addressed personally. Pattern of Coping and Stress Tolerance Stress has had an impact on this family. The father has been hospitalized twice with a hypertensive crisis. Life changing events started from the birth of the twins, then the death of his mother a year ago and now work has been slower than usual, not enough hours to work and support his family.The mother is stressed from taking on the extra load of responsibilities. No recreational drugs or alcohol abuse in the home. Stress is relieved by spiritual needs being met and family support. Patterns of Values and Beliefs Religion is very important to this family, by attending church regularly and participating in extra activities at church with their church family. A close knit family is highly valued. The American culture is practiced in this family. Western medicine is their health practice.Wellness Diagnoses/Family Nursing DiagnosisReadiness for Enhanced Caregiver Role related to interrupted family processes and caregiver role strain (Gordon, 1994) Effective therapeutic Regimen Management related to non-complianc e with diet (Gordon, 1994) Conclusion The interviewing process of this family was intensive, but important information was gained. Areas noted for increased education and health promotion/well-being. Based on the functional health patterns assessment, wellness and family nursing diagnoses was implemented. Factors taken into consideration were the diet and weight concern, and the shift of responsibilities increasing stressors.

The Night the Power Went Out

THE NIGHT THE POWER WENT OUT! It was a dark rainy night; the rain came down hard, sheet upon sheet, of bone chilling rain. I lay relaxed on the couch watching a horror movie when suddenly there was a loud crack of thunder and then there I lay all alone in complete darkness. I felt a little nervous but hazardously made my way to the kitchen by the guidance of the moons light. I went in search of a torch and found one on the kitchen table. I flicked it on and at that precise moment I heard a crash from above. I started to make my way towards the stairs; torch clutched tightly in one hand and a gun in the other. As I ascended the stairs I felt an ice cold gust of wind which made me tremble all over. As I reached the second floor I found that the window was no more but shattered glass on the ground. I spun around in search of the perpetrator. As I made my way towards the shattered window something powerful tackled me and knocked the breath right out of me. I started to collapse to the ground; this sent my torch and my gun flying through the air and land in complete darkness. I turned towards my attacker and gasped in shock. It seemed like a vicious, four eyed beast with long fangs which looked like it was craving flesh; my flesh. I searched along the ground for a weapon that may assist me and to my relief I came across a sharp object. It was the shards of broken glass from the window. I grasped it tightly and started to stab the beast ferociously. Its skin was hard but I could feel the glass piercing it and its unusually thick blood oozing down my arm. I felt its hot putrid breath upon my face as it growled viciously revealing rows upon rows of sharp yellow teeth. It started to back away but I could see that it was preparing for one final attack. The moon lit up the entire room with an array of bright light and I managed to spot the gun. I made a dive for it and at the same time the beast made a dive for me. It ripped through my leg with is enormous teeth as I grabbed the gun. BANG! I heard a loud yelp and found the beast staggering backwards. BANG! BANG! The beast now lay sprawled on the floor motionless. I picked myself up feeling rather traumatised and with a huge cut on my leg, I limped myself to the phone but someone or something had chewed it to bits. I limped towards the open window and it was as if a cloud of fear was cast through my whole body. My heart was beating faster than ever because down on my lawn there lay hundreds of four eyed, flesh eating beasts. I patched my leg up and gathered my torch and a lot of guns and made my way through the darkness of my home. As I reached the entrance I thought, â€Å"I have 2 options. I can stay here and wait for the beasts to feast on my flesh or I can give them a fight worth living for. † I kicked the door open and yelled, â€Å"If I’m going to die at least I’m going to die fighting†, and as the beasts closed in I got my guns out and now the real fight for survival began. BANG! BANG! BANG! THE END!

Toxicological Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Toxicological - Research Paper Example Some aromatic amines are under utilization as carcinogens in industries. Research was conducted to find what industries emitted these aromatic amines and to what extent these were damaging to the environment and the people around. It was an observation that the plastic, chemical, and dye industries emitted these in high amounts. Bladder tumors are a common side effect of these aromatic amines and the people who encounter these harmful gases often suffer from these diseases. â€Å"Auramine, naphthylamine, benzidine, and aminodiphenyl† (Walpole, 1959) were common aromatic amines that were believed to be one of the main chemicals causing bladders problems amongst workers working in these industries. Other effects of these amines include â€Å"drowsiness, headaches and dizziness that eventually lead to the person experiencing lack of coordination, muscular pain, contractions, a state of confusion, etc† (Books, 2010). These harmful gases may also cause certain respiratory pr oblems and liver diseases. Various laboratory tests and field researches were conducted to identify the exact side effects. Tests on animals were also conducted to find out the toxic effects of aromatic amines (Walpole, 1959). References Books. (2010). Aromatic Amines. General Books LLC. Walpole, A. L.